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本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑
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军迷没有不想往西点军校的，但又很少不被美国各种军校（school）、军事学院（academy）和军事大学（college、university）弄糊涂的，更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来，美国军事教育制度又完整，又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育，另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。/ j: k. T& p$ G' Q5 {: d. \
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军种学院（Federal Service Academies），毕业生直接进入现役，美国海运学院除外：/ X% s9 Y4 k, n: _2 c$ e3 q
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United States Military Academy（俗称西点军校，位于纽约州西点，里纽约市不远）
: m; _2 R; L: b8 zUnited States Naval Academy（俗称安纳波利斯海军学院，位于马里兰州安纳波利斯）
2 Y+ W i) G" O4 aUnited States Air Force Academy（一般就直译为美国空军学院，位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉）
+ G% q: W8 s1 [2 X2 ~United States Coast Guard Academy（美国海岸警卫队学院，位于康涅狄格州新伦敦）
1 Z$ p$ J/ g8 {3 g) C6 s8 {& p- I) M- ?United States Merchant Marine Academy（美国海运学院，院长是现已海军少将，毕业生从事航运业，但并非海军军官，位于纽约州金角）
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; A4 o, y! ~, P( ]4 d% @: Y% R( T高级军事学院（Senior Military Colleges），用于训练预备军官团，毕业生按需要成为现役，其余进入预备役：
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4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生，这里public指公立，不一定是对非军人开放- ]( H, T* G+ @0 k5 G0 t+ H
The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college); j$ G z: n. J2 a3 R5 c' \- s n
Texas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university)5 ?& A1 J" D4 s; H
University of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)/ f0 t( B% ~% Q2 v5 d4 s
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)+ I* |0 m+ t- \; j% d/ K- K4 j2 [/ W
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1个只收ROTC学生
) Z" l- N$ k0 A: F O: UVirginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college)，巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生1 |) S' C. R ]8 v
B' l& a/ z3 |" D$ c4 F1个军民兼收的私立# g W/ w5 x* s' E7 b$ P
Norwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)
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# P, K/ K2 y: L r. t3 g4 ?州立海运学院，毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务，但是挂钩的：7 [( S5 o/ L, |
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California State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system)$ G' r5 a( J8 V m2 b/ [
Great Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)
; S- T& y2 M# w, h4 H- t5 ^; Q2 dMaine Maritime Academy4 |4 H9 X$ A/ \) A
Massachusetts Maritime Academy G$ U4 x3 s% v) D' s" V
State University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)- j9 D4 G9 h, l
Texas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)& [" L& v# V( H6 R
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军事大专（Military Junior Colleges），这是很特别的东西，两年毕业，但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格：$ B4 Q% @, X& U) }5 Z: o7 V3 s" j
& I- L/ I% @! }1 z2 N {Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)6 v2 P+ P! H0 w$ E9 U) k
Marion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama)
: B( f* `2 H0 R$ b& C9 O; ONew Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)9 V% g V* s" |8 u& P( M
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
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还有一大堆军事高中，为进军校准备的，都是私立的：
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Admiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational)) T" w' c3 W* P' K
American Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)
" ~1 Z! x9 w/ W" K) L8 Z# IArmy and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)
& K9 p. m2 s0 u7 E, l( ?Benedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)* U; r! [) o Q! u6 P
Camden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina)
( j8 s( O1 N$ RChristian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York)
9 ^( P* k7 i q$ ECulver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)
* P! |, t8 y) B$ Z, l YFishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)$ e, D% ?& C* b. \* t3 G" Y
Florida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)
+ Q; ~5 p7 [# W1 `! s+ k* {( ]$ XFork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)& D- t3 U+ a+ D4 L. w8 _) x9 J
Hargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)+ s) ^5 _6 X' @
Howe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational)
3 \' D9 ^7 h$ L- C- u& DLa Salle Institute (Troy, New York)
( n! M) P. j8 x" p& G' YLeonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational)( _- M; Y/ e) Q. h) r
Lyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)
2 X8 T5 z% M# q& T2 n9 O% j$ oMarine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas)
( a1 o1 {8 @5 H. Y/ y: gMassanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)
: X5 v& y7 ?8 B9 S* zMissouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)4 J! C& U: C+ B/ H# c7 N
New York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational)% {# q# @; v8 ^) m- Q1 k" {
North Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational)
; j+ H2 x- n s8 A1 f; |& u8 GOak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational)
" y/ A8 W- e/ d$ M" K5 PRandolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)
. d; J3 j% H" p* d1 J/ _Riverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)) z1 @1 o( V! i7 \( b
San Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)# L* I" h8 L, E! ^
Saint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)9 h' W. L7 O! z
St. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys)' s3 P3 n8 i2 m0 Y' a
St. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational)
9 P7 F& H6 y* y$ y) H( t" O) YSt. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas): [& R, b1 |. n: t" O
St. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)9 {" W0 g7 G" _: n
Southeastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida): F. Z' t4 ^9 |6 u
TMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]# N/ w- \, r7 y, x
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)7 q0 G1 i3 X0 h5 O
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更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC（青少年ROTC）项目，在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练，为以后参军做准备：
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Air Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)
+ Z" o' y- l& G9 b- kBridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut)1 Y% o5 Y- D2 Q% {
Carver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)( k9 D) ]2 o8 R! m" [& d
Chicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)$ v i1 R% h+ U) N N) h1 m
Cleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)! y X% T9 H' F4 v+ o
Delaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware)
9 |& o. d+ _& d& c- J. SFirst State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware); Z$ z+ {. ~' }2 c
Franklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]7 w' F6 N6 I. I6 w$ o; M/ f
Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)
9 L4 x: j6 M) H5 p b0 mHollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)
2 `, z( R* A k) U+ f. h. X9 p, RKenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]
3 Y1 E' h0 U! Q6 w3 E8 `Marine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey)5 |2 q5 `1 e2 w4 Y. k4 w
Marine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
5 g A2 i- U( Y! K7 k7 UNew Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)
b& O0 J9 G5 }& n& BNew Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)
/ K# f* N8 }9 Z5 K% Q# D( [) TOakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)! A6 D6 s" l( P3 k% s
Philadelphia Military Academy[3], _: a% a8 U8 b+ [# h9 J" _1 @8 T
Phoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
5 F {' k- W9 o8 cRickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
7 B( a/ b9 ]+ q) {, XSarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)0 @ I- k. g, ^1 P1 H8 O
Summerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida)
4 o& A0 S2 H0 h/ L+ SUtah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah); S1 E, [! A, t
/ |% I2 u9 H% _7 E+ \3 q- R, ^在另一头，则是各军种的研究生院：& U& A. h5 _0 V# J0 T8 V5 i, m
$ P8 s+ E% ~( y- d, M$ K3 F& v' C1 xUnited States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas)，陆军中级军官学校，下设School for Command Preparation，School of Advanced Military Studies，Command and General Staff School，School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics，郝柏村是这里毕业的. g# X2 W+ R+ m" Q& Z
United States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)，陆军高级军官学校，招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校0 z) K7 g( r" {2 b T/ Q8 e
United States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)
6 _& v1 n- |2 I( k) c% ^- pNaval War College (Newport, Rhode Island)，海军中高级军官学校，偏重指挥，下设College of Naval Warfare，Maritime Advanced Warfighting School，College of Naval Command and Staff% g0 }9 } [3 E1 W& L. c9 O
Naval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California)，更加偏重科技方面
# }& Z% D! G, \! o5 l: mMarine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)9 S$ D4 g; w) p+ E
Air University (Montgomery, Alabama)，空军中高级军官学校的统一架构，下设Air War College，空军高级军官学校；School of Advanced Air and Space Studies，空天战争的研究生院；Air Command and Staff College，空军中级军官学校；Squadron Officer School，中队长学校；Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio)，偏重科技
3 j( V8 w: W' z- l4 k gNational Defense University (Washington, D.C.)，三军联合，下设National War College，联合作战高级军官学校；Industrial College of the Armed Forces，偏重军工管理；Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia)，联合作战中级军官学校" x7 H+ G% S' a, ~) t4 M
Marine Corps University (Quantico, VA)，陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构，下设Marine Corps War College，陆战队高级军官学校；School of Advanced Warfighting，陆战队的战术研究生班；Marine Corps Command and Staff College，陆战队中级军官学校；Expeditionary Warfare School，陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校
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2 i% N6 J, d) q' R4 {# m* J各种专门学校（如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……）就数不胜数了，也经常在变动中。. b2 @- _( x. W9 J6 B+ p5 D
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绕晕了吗？我也是。 |
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发表于 2020-6-21 12:06:24
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