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本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑 & Y( g6 U) k6 U% h
( \) T. A3 a9 @: |军迷没有不想往西点军校的,但又很少不被美国各种军校(school)、军事学院(academy)和军事大学(college、university)弄糊涂的,更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来,美国军事教育制度又完整,又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育,另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。* k' T* c |1 C6 i, r# ]( x
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军种学院(Federal Service Academies),毕业生直接进入现役,美国海运学院除外:
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: r+ u3 V1 `% X. r8 g% _+ uUnited States Military Academy(俗称西点军校,位于纽约州西点,里纽约市不远), P) j. F: G3 s
United States Naval Academy(俗称安纳波利斯海军学院,位于马里兰州安纳波利斯)
0 R6 l3 D! U' A, J; ZUnited States Air Force Academy(一般就直译为美国空军学院,位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉)
( I. q1 C1 ?$ Y5 TUnited States Coast Guard Academy(美国海岸警卫队学院,位于康涅狄格州新伦敦)
2 J8 q* U2 N9 h vUnited States Merchant Marine Academy(美国海运学院,院长是现已海军少将,毕业生从事航运业,但并非海军军官,位于纽约州金角)7 r. T( E/ v6 p
1 K6 F% j( F2 A/ y% Z高级军事学院(Senior Military Colleges),用于训练预备军官团,毕业生按需要成为现役,其余进入预备役:! a" Q+ k& q2 A4 a2 ?$ p
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4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生,这里public指公立,不一定是对非军人开放5 R3 y* n! Y& m
The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college)
* d9 P9 D8 _3 t9 z1 c# t5 gTexas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university)
) T( q5 s) ^6 |; w G3 U* P6 ~University of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)
1 [$ g3 s" K* i$ |- pVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)
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6 t! {: k! c) K1 T1个只收ROTC学生
3 W0 ]) Q9 @* kVirginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college),巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生
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6 j9 k$ l c/ ?1个军民兼收的私立
& k, A: g$ r7 S$ @& Z3 K7 P; NNorwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)
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州立海运学院,毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务,但是挂钩的:
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California State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system)
$ n( M% X3 o+ i* _' K2 o p$ g9 UGreat Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)3 @% p& [- ~7 W' D
Maine Maritime Academy
: I9 ?) H$ T! e8 UMassachusetts Maritime Academy! k9 u5 n8 r5 o) C: O; Z
State University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)
* {1 U/ J) u0 [* {0 T8 O! A3 kTexas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)
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军事大专(Military Junior Colleges),这是很特别的东西,两年毕业,但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格:
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Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)5 x# a$ c7 P( U. q
Marion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama)$ {. B4 B0 L5 E: {5 {
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)" n% [% i) v; F3 c/ ~5 z
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)6 Q2 L$ ~. J+ u
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还有一大堆军事高中,为进军校准备的,都是私立的:+ W4 t5 N1 a8 r! J( k
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Admiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational). a' D3 N* z- Q* {
American Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)9 D3 u; T% M! Q& f
Army and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)
f$ B( m" G0 \$ tBenedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)/ ~; }( Q- @! Z; c
Camden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina): w. ^4 a/ M+ O" v9 s
Christian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York)5 V% W! L' m" ?" y( o
Culver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana); `( I- l) b& m5 {
Fishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia); {; I1 _; {, T: ^' W( `" B+ R
Florida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)8 V- Z }9 x8 l5 u5 e4 N
Fork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)& M4 _# {) f: E; C, @
Hargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)" Z7 O& \* a( [4 t1 K) K
Howe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational). ^# h. @" E% k
La Salle Institute (Troy, New York)+ }/ O) B% t- P8 c5 k
Leonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational)
, B! q P! S1 VLyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)& s3 q! A2 ]7 n8 L4 }! P
Marine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas)
1 z$ J9 |/ f( H2 z/ k) p) H* U. [' cMassanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)% z$ `. v; d1 o3 D5 G9 F# B) }6 J- q
Missouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)1 l" i U1 h$ J' A" n
New York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational)
- O7 G3 u' x3 L" G: W4 p* ANorth Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational)4 N6 v0 ]- G/ k/ J l
Oak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational)' Q) K& a( s6 ]& }
Randolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)6 b5 K( D; n0 a
Riverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)& ?. y8 O: g/ O- ?' V' h! `6 a/ L
San Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)
# W: [3 M& r+ ]( Q% eSaint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)
+ }& ]9 e9 ]4 g; g; cSt. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys)
* A. V5 j ]( r8 R8 d- wSt. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational)9 U( D) O, K9 _; M7 G
St. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas)/ c W" h, n+ V" j- d
St. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)8 F$ o" \, T0 A5 j
Southeastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida)
/ y0 q# m4 b( V9 o' |4 m2 Z! fTMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]9 G( x( m0 d0 y w3 [+ t' Q6 g
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
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9 Y7 `8 w( V. L) j更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC(青少年ROTC)项目,在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练,为以后参军做准备:
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+ y' ^$ u' C' U% nAir Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)) }# R0 k6 w b- e( D v
Bridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut); K7 H3 E S. Z5 t5 v0 n
Carver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)6 \# M% n5 F: i, M5 P$ t
Chicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
$ F8 \/ |4 v( h; F K! H1 YCleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)
. ]; g: ]# x _# }0 F. d* ZDelaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware)
: j1 b! F0 ]3 K8 t1 K/ ZFirst State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware)) z) O) i/ w; G% G3 l. I
Franklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]$ M5 f7 T7 z7 Y+ \% B; z, |
Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)# `; i. S5 N- B4 J, ~
Hollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida): Q; h9 Y8 \5 v9 Q- C
Kenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]
3 O& U1 n' `$ b, P: I$ q- uMarine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey)) J- g' _. W& q. N: N
Marine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)- t( F! \& \( }; V
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)+ P) m& M9 Y; Q' R T0 O6 ~2 a' R
New Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)- j$ p4 n) ?, ?2 h( |* W! ]
Oakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)
9 R) W, G' X) y% V: KPhiladelphia Military Academy[3]# V) X7 B. Q1 g: Q
Phoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
2 s$ U |2 Z' m& |8 X6 L. FRickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)' y! u" O0 X5 o, t9 c' |6 H
Sarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)
& W: t- _0 X# m9 r% Q7 O! u6 f xSummerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida)/ P' y9 [+ V2 y1 S: E6 ]9 v
Utah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah). e3 J, k! r; e9 ]7 K
- b1 f- C* T$ r _- K- Z在另一头,则是各军种的研究生院:
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2 v) [, {' ?! N2 K4 EUnited States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas),陆军中级军官学校,下设School for Command Preparation,School of Advanced Military Studies,Command and General Staff School,School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics,郝柏村是这里毕业的- p- d/ t0 L% K5 U
United States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania),陆军高级军官学校,招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校! t: J3 ^3 S" Z& g' p- y# z) B
United States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)
7 n! [8 y) F/ b/ H( BNaval War College (Newport, Rhode Island),海军中高级军官学校,偏重指挥,下设College of Naval Warfare,Maritime Advanced Warfighting School,College of Naval Command and Staff7 W. H" z4 X5 z2 |* D
Naval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California),更加偏重科技方面
9 b' ~) l1 d; Z& C t) v B4 KMarine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)
# s7 C2 ^5 u8 a$ Q$ xAir University (Montgomery, Alabama),空军中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Air War College,空军高级军官学校;School of Advanced Air and Space Studies,空天战争的研究生院;Air Command and Staff College,空军中级军官学校;Squadron Officer School,中队长学校;Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio),偏重科技
8 L0 A8 `6 Y2 R. c6 _& E6 BNational Defense University (Washington, D.C.),三军联合,下设National War College,联合作战高级军官学校;Industrial College of the Armed Forces,偏重军工管理;Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia),联合作战中级军官学校1 f, j& E4 y. G. L _
Marine Corps University (Quantico, VA),陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Marine Corps War College,陆战队高级军官学校;School of Advanced Warfighting,陆战队的战术研究生班;Marine Corps Command and Staff College,陆战队中级军官学校;Expeditionary Warfare School,陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校
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各种专门学校(如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……)就数不胜数了,也经常在变动中。9 G1 s1 A7 v# ?) A4 f, r* K# @( \
% X0 T6 Y2 }3 D$ F绕晕了吗?我也是。 |
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