|
本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑
% J9 Q1 R# N7 j7 t* H; `
2 v; z6 v6 X* B! O" h军迷没有不想往西点军校的,但又很少不被美国各种军校(school)、军事学院(academy)和军事大学(college、university)弄糊涂的,更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来,美国军事教育制度又完整,又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育,另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。% p3 ]+ w+ |$ X4 ]; O
1 C* j: n9 O7 _. u9 ?( m" i
军种学院(Federal Service Academies),毕业生直接进入现役,美国海运学院除外:
' A% j+ P/ [ \$ w
" [+ o8 \- z gUnited States Military Academy(俗称西点军校,位于纽约州西点,里纽约市不远)- G6 L( E5 m6 Z) j9 s$ c7 O
United States Naval Academy(俗称安纳波利斯海军学院,位于马里兰州安纳波利斯) A. N. _! j; W0 P
United States Air Force Academy(一般就直译为美国空军学院,位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉)5 s9 g/ ?+ x! i
United States Coast Guard Academy(美国海岸警卫队学院,位于康涅狄格州新伦敦)
6 d4 B5 v _- A4 a5 }& M& K8 X/ VUnited States Merchant Marine Academy(美国海运学院,院长是现已海军少将,毕业生从事航运业,但并非海军军官,位于纽约州金角)
( o2 Z) d: G. o g3 {. t+ g0 S. q# d" D {# a6 W, t5 |
高级军事学院(Senior Military Colleges),用于训练预备军官团,毕业生按需要成为现役,其余进入预备役:
1 `+ f% k( U8 l& \5 V( F) C. F4 _
/ |* H3 C1 l+ |6 r; ?4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生,这里public指公立,不一定是对非军人开放" W) B& u( p5 |& E
The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college)
9 y% h$ ^# O+ l/ n* n8 ]- ~* pTexas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university)
3 {; p8 p, v5 \$ Z1 b3 kUniversity of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)' e r6 I9 h# n1 n9 Y" g& ?
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)
2 z3 d0 k \# k/ t& q( b( d+ _' d ]% @ G3 p9 s3 s* r8 J, @0 c
1个只收ROTC学生; y- V- k! k) r. [$ |' {2 c
Virginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college),巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生" Z1 Y/ m) K& P; e. f
0 Z2 d# p+ G' v1 w9 @4 B% C1个军民兼收的私立
) B0 g+ e3 G4 C" {5 W" B' RNorwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)
7 b& H6 N# e' q9 H3 }) K, m/ C4 l
& x4 ]7 X4 {: E& G. V3 _2 i( G州立海运学院,毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务,但是挂钩的:
7 u1 K6 t! j* v
& F$ ]. C3 b8 N) T5 ?California State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system)
$ e& d& G6 V9 O: \Great Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)0 C4 V; w* a! F& K w
Maine Maritime Academy
! J/ D/ W: i- X& F' M- N( FMassachusetts Maritime Academy
& U, }& h6 N* xState University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)# Z& O' W$ `; g/ }# U6 H% g
Texas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)
6 r6 C- Q1 [& w: Z; u# Y
$ e a4 ~' ~. n% @( U& x6 C% m军事大专(Military Junior Colleges),这是很特别的东西,两年毕业,但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格:0 q. k2 n+ N% L, U0 J# ?5 f
7 U: B& K% `3 X6 s M. F1 i5 u
Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)
: `* n8 ]( E8 {6 c4 }Marion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama)
$ M/ W1 Q6 e: P! \% x$ }New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)
% o$ R3 _7 E* ~, \6 oValley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)% }( t7 Q0 F2 Y- q
- g; x: m+ X- f! J9 u; `, w3 R# ?还有一大堆军事高中,为进军校准备的,都是私立的: e' I. Q2 T4 A3 h3 N# A9 T
3 ?7 N! Z0 B8 U N4 HAdmiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational)# e+ ], ?# [. o( T( F
American Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)
' n9 `" @9 f& K0 |/ z' d' x+ hArmy and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)7 R' p0 `& S1 S2 |
Benedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)
% o! ]% \; l* O0 U% R6 nCamden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina)
( U7 m7 n- V5 m1 B, y( nChristian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York)
& g. K9 ^! V0 n. ]7 @+ x; MCulver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)
: ]# z* R( w# Y7 a3 gFishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)
( @% S8 |# ~1 y# h0 uFlorida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)
, y; j" {& N2 Q7 H% ^- Y' VFork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)2 ]# A% C1 ?% q- {1 W o) M
Hargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)
* e6 ?7 l$ r2 }8 k) ?Howe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational); h$ J; e& s4 P$ Y! [: H$ ~
La Salle Institute (Troy, New York)0 z1 s! b& r6 X, Q- s# R
Leonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational)
, e5 `4 b4 F4 J& D. g3 F8 ILyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)+ \8 Q, A8 E! G* C% t+ h
Marine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas)! O) M8 X6 y: A6 b3 G
Massanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)( }' r2 M1 Y3 }; E5 r
Missouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)
7 ~! A9 l6 D$ [! r( \New York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational)
' @) @8 L/ m' c! U2 T! v% f' n& LNorth Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational)
/ o5 I" j6 L! w, kOak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational)1 l s6 n6 f! z& }
Randolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)
' I* ]1 b# w" V2 O2 t% c& ]1 fRiverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)- R% N, L ]: p8 _ Y
San Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)6 i+ @$ S4 n; t$ P" C" L" k
Saint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)
' u& A% s: f: {5 |$ BSt. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys)* J. ~4 t+ E; U* ~- q/ c& N
St. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational)+ c0 k$ }4 g# Q. |- q f0 O
St. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas)" ]5 ]8 \- C' z# a3 _7 {. o
St. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)% O! y' z. [3 U: \
Southeastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida). \3 X$ U/ w- O2 R) i
TMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]+ h }( [5 v% f+ B' ]( f4 a
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania); T: G: ^/ J, w% v" A2 [9 Q ~: V; N
' t/ H& x0 ^' P( G Q
更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC(青少年ROTC)项目,在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练,为以后参军做准备:: ^7 [7 f6 E( q* z" |. ~; Z, R
$ A+ o# e8 O" Z9 R0 L# p* ]Air Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)
h. R T) N& z0 d9 [Bridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut)' Y j2 ~& r: G
Carver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
: }" d( t# E9 T, l" A TChicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)- u* [( P: R5 S- V/ F
Cleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)
$ S2 D( C7 [ W+ Y9 w9 {% ~( P6 {% PDelaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware)3 T# ]5 @! J7 _ d3 u6 a, b3 F
First State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware)
* r0 j1 j& t' d! I, x) _! }) G4 kFranklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]
r2 `" A, R, N& N. x7 J! \4 K9 X( eGeorgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)
4 K- {: g8 F4 T7 j) z. q7 MHollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)* w/ b ?- Y% e, R s7 |
Kenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]) C8 |. T4 S9 x% C8 y4 G
Marine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey); B2 b! T; D/ E. I
Marine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)) Y; U$ ] h$ T5 g' K* u0 V
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)% W' G4 R4 f4 f
New Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)
" p5 H; v$ j# @5 kOakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)
9 \9 p7 ]: P2 k2 t9 ?Philadelphia Military Academy[3]
; H6 ?4 K Q5 T; z: }' L- vPhoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)7 K5 n6 ?1 ?8 n1 N' m$ o' }( F
Rickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois); }6 J$ j& h- | p6 J
Sarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)1 v; l7 u! i+ b! K' q5 _2 E# ?0 L8 b5 {
Summerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida)
$ z" \# h/ n5 y0 K" XUtah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah)
3 _ O# q$ P* n, e& F6 g& o! {9 P( u. F& x C: E+ z" M
在另一头,则是各军种的研究生院:5 W# ?3 I& ]9 d
5 X; F6 M' ?: v* rUnited States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas),陆军中级军官学校,下设School for Command Preparation,School of Advanced Military Studies,Command and General Staff School,School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics,郝柏村是这里毕业的
" o& J0 {2 _7 T2 c _United States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania),陆军高级军官学校,招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校
% \- j$ x0 T/ cUnited States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)
, k W2 s5 i+ N6 ~" R7 L5 P; FNaval War College (Newport, Rhode Island),海军中高级军官学校,偏重指挥,下设College of Naval Warfare,Maritime Advanced Warfighting School,College of Naval Command and Staff" F$ ?( J! w& d
Naval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California),更加偏重科技方面
& ?% A3 e8 M+ \* W: y2 vMarine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)
+ f1 r a* x9 N$ X! A" h% GAir University (Montgomery, Alabama),空军中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Air War College,空军高级军官学校;School of Advanced Air and Space Studies,空天战争的研究生院;Air Command and Staff College,空军中级军官学校;Squadron Officer School,中队长学校;Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio),偏重科技6 Y( k/ f. y( ]. h o, W
National Defense University (Washington, D.C.),三军联合,下设National War College,联合作战高级军官学校;Industrial College of the Armed Forces,偏重军工管理;Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia),联合作战中级军官学校
% ?% p8 _. [7 n5 lMarine Corps University (Quantico, VA),陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Marine Corps War College,陆战队高级军官学校;School of Advanced Warfighting,陆战队的战术研究生班;Marine Corps Command and Staff College,陆战队中级军官学校;Expeditionary Warfare School,陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校5 c# e" l' L6 z% s& b
% ^# G6 Q# c- |9 j; l: O2 e& V
各种专门学校(如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……)就数不胜数了,也经常在变动中。; x: K N6 [; t2 b- r
0 ]& h. M8 g2 C3 A% S' y
绕晕了吗?我也是。 |
|