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本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑
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军迷没有不想往西点军校的,但又很少不被美国各种军校(school)、军事学院(academy)和军事大学(college、university)弄糊涂的,更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来,美国军事教育制度又完整,又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育,另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。* k2 ^6 b; E- u9 G' y0 h- d" {# l
- i$ H/ g9 L& q7 V6 A9 }" w- o& H5 {军种学院(Federal Service Academies),毕业生直接进入现役,美国海运学院除外:
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United States Military Academy(俗称西点军校,位于纽约州西点,里纽约市不远)4 s, D0 G! d+ s; A \! m+ Q
United States Naval Academy(俗称安纳波利斯海军学院,位于马里兰州安纳波利斯)( s/ f7 D; ]% X! \. ~
United States Air Force Academy(一般就直译为美国空军学院,位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉)2 {1 T, N. f, d) x9 e$ ^
United States Coast Guard Academy(美国海岸警卫队学院,位于康涅狄格州新伦敦)
8 i* y6 g/ f) }. A8 w) Z- cUnited States Merchant Marine Academy(美国海运学院,院长是现已海军少将,毕业生从事航运业,但并非海军军官,位于纽约州金角)
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' |0 I% e. ?9 M u. ^2 c高级军事学院(Senior Military Colleges),用于训练预备军官团,毕业生按需要成为现役,其余进入预备役:
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Y! N$ ^# }, J+ z9 N6 f, u0 @* h4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生,这里public指公立,不一定是对非军人开放$ l: h J6 ~" ]9 c* N$ r
The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college)
$ P* e6 U3 S w! Q( ?0 Z8 CTexas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university)4 p" V/ Z) B8 p% ]6 N
University of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)1 X* ?/ d( _- x
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)
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1个只收ROTC学生
1 w0 ?+ }! L( G2 |8 c n2 kVirginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college),巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生9 a( Y# Z. d7 j# N3 f
0 R' h' f- G& V7 B1个军民兼收的私立$ a r' D- {; d! W5 M5 a
Norwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)+ m; B7 h9 k$ j# S
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州立海运学院,毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务,但是挂钩的:
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California State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system)
9 N, d2 s# u/ E+ dGreat Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)
: u% [( v. R' }8 GMaine Maritime Academy
( x( B, m' W3 hMassachusetts Maritime Academy" ], l7 |( n6 l* C/ F+ w
State University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)1 v/ Y2 z( \3 l+ \# n7 P
Texas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)
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( f$ h& M- c i- @ M: b$ @军事大专(Military Junior Colleges),这是很特别的东西,两年毕业,但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格:# K8 u J/ {) \1 j1 a9 x
% P4 v7 b& P% ~$ f' SGeorgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)' w9 j4 S+ f- t& k5 B
Marion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama)
H1 B6 z8 i0 nNew Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)
7 D( E( ?2 ~% V5 h6 N; UValley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
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还有一大堆军事高中,为进军校准备的,都是私立的:
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Admiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational)
! W/ S9 Y* |3 HAmerican Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)1 ^# T: d" F" B1 @( \
Army and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)" [) I/ D+ U7 Y4 m( T9 z6 B6 F
Benedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)
' }1 Z0 I" l9 j1 B2 ~9 q& aCamden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina)
' {9 C/ W) F( H5 F" ^Christian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York)
, `6 B9 Y% a! V! q9 C$ bCulver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)
" e% w* f I! [& R( F) YFishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)) L) X8 D* E" J" @2 _: g
Florida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005); L: g7 |; _1 |% U% N# d
Fork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)% @8 f$ t& J* w; c& ]
Hargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)
/ D' b, m- y8 d2 r1 OHowe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational)" l! i* Q3 C9 D$ e" N# T: W
La Salle Institute (Troy, New York)
- U, [* l. r0 g* N4 MLeonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational)
: D9 l! @3 n7 C; }9 ?( I2 i8 {Lyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)
b0 U# e4 `" Q( nMarine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas)
% D% ]$ Y- M* H/ ?Massanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)
* r+ m$ o9 p7 @+ V KMissouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)
- U$ C- T: f( ]% d; qNew York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational)# ?* V Z4 y0 F/ f. E, }- i
North Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational), `( P8 I7 y# n! O2 W% @; N
Oak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational)
i9 T9 }$ x) F HRandolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)
% Y8 U, \# S2 |1 h# l. O7 z" \( JRiverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)
. ?1 k+ e: b& hSan Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)5 v8 P: i% v! @. }8 g
Saint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)
: W8 i( n! U* Y( e/ v% b% TSt. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys)
, Z- _5 Q7 n3 W dSt. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational)! [" E' I6 Q; i, r# K8 C
St. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas)
; q+ N b w- n ISt. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)
5 F+ @3 g! F1 \Southeastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida)
, [% v& e: S: GTMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]. W3 m4 _1 Q" v% G$ y6 Z
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
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7 P6 S! R; T2 P/ W! P* P更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC(青少年ROTC)项目,在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练,为以后参军做准备:! ^' w) S# \- d2 ~+ a/ }
" m* k9 @0 A. Q# b+ ~Air Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)
: t2 C' ^7 V! P! b7 T; I0 VBridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut); `2 C D0 [% O; ~* G ^! B
Carver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
1 a& i' l$ g2 y% b1 ^7 X& N6 \Chicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
% P9 O; P4 X% N& B! {: cCleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)
1 S7 {3 x4 b0 { m9 S& lDelaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware)
3 g* O$ @0 I. e) r# QFirst State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware): N- |! ]$ X: i' t
Franklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]
5 T6 L$ d1 v7 VGeorgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)
6 `' L4 d5 v7 d' c% B3 h! MHollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)7 |5 k% X4 a# K! [
Kenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]
@0 i' C3 I/ ZMarine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey), }; Y8 ^* P. C0 ]
Marine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
. v8 T% `: r A, d5 P+ i8 pNew Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)9 }7 l5 e: j3 D! P
New Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)8 `! Q1 K$ ^1 e F9 }- @2 |. T
Oakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)% }' I z/ T2 F
Philadelphia Military Academy[3]- B# ^% S4 g3 Y* i3 \4 l
Phoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
+ g0 f5 M; H1 e% JRickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
3 n/ ~6 b% |2 _4 k: zSarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)# e# G7 J$ b' `3 c% C e
Summerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida)
% `/ C5 c$ L0 ?Utah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah)( f. }* X" f0 ]' X$ [7 a
+ r5 O' G& Z# j' G6 D在另一头,则是各军种的研究生院:
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! p4 u& t0 C* `8 q% @. PUnited States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas),陆军中级军官学校,下设School for Command Preparation,School of Advanced Military Studies,Command and General Staff School,School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics,郝柏村是这里毕业的
- C& Z% {1 {" h8 S0 k' `) dUnited States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania),陆军高级军官学校,招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校) }1 T* A. B1 N! l
United States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)
' \6 w: C5 ~* f; a( U. ONaval War College (Newport, Rhode Island),海军中高级军官学校,偏重指挥,下设College of Naval Warfare,Maritime Advanced Warfighting School,College of Naval Command and Staff
' L2 t4 v B2 a2 {. X2 u/ ~Naval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California),更加偏重科技方面
% l6 N5 l2 J! ~Marine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)2 A% S s- Q4 P' b7 W5 |. S
Air University (Montgomery, Alabama),空军中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Air War College,空军高级军官学校;School of Advanced Air and Space Studies,空天战争的研究生院;Air Command and Staff College,空军中级军官学校;Squadron Officer School,中队长学校;Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio),偏重科技1 }6 H: E- V: n- _6 F' Q& k
National Defense University (Washington, D.C.),三军联合,下设National War College,联合作战高级军官学校;Industrial College of the Armed Forces,偏重军工管理;Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia),联合作战中级军官学校+ Q1 X2 w! }. \7 {
Marine Corps University (Quantico, VA),陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Marine Corps War College,陆战队高级军官学校;School of Advanced Warfighting,陆战队的战术研究生班;Marine Corps Command and Staff College,陆战队中级军官学校;Expeditionary Warfare School,陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校# m# C3 J) a3 R9 Y% Y6 w# x& e
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各种专门学校(如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……)就数不胜数了,也经常在变动中。
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+ \" |5 y, L) e. U绕晕了吗?我也是。 |
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