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本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑
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! P/ m! t" L/ e; t: q) H军迷没有不想往西点军校的,但又很少不被美国各种军校(school)、军事学院(academy)和军事大学(college、university)弄糊涂的,更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来,美国军事教育制度又完整,又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育,另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。0 j/ g1 R" v2 \" }
* B W) N" C3 ?2 q3 E军种学院(Federal Service Academies),毕业生直接进入现役,美国海运学院除外:
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United States Military Academy(俗称西点军校,位于纽约州西点,里纽约市不远)4 O1 B4 Z! `( P& ] x
United States Naval Academy(俗称安纳波利斯海军学院,位于马里兰州安纳波利斯)
& n' r# @$ z* W8 B0 K# CUnited States Air Force Academy(一般就直译为美国空军学院,位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉)
8 n$ C- V0 B( S9 P: W: y+ eUnited States Coast Guard Academy(美国海岸警卫队学院,位于康涅狄格州新伦敦). F9 ]! `% q2 K5 r' v+ ^
United States Merchant Marine Academy(美国海运学院,院长是现已海军少将,毕业生从事航运业,但并非海军军官,位于纽约州金角)
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$ b4 u. o9 C2 x8 [高级军事学院(Senior Military Colleges),用于训练预备军官团,毕业生按需要成为现役,其余进入预备役:" R. c9 i j8 f0 O9 S
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4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生,这里public指公立,不一定是对非军人开放
/ L( i- z0 U2 y) P. |The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college)( Y) v6 t1 h( b Y5 L$ I
Texas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university)! d) {# |. \1 ^* y8 k
University of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)
& s: x3 S' u5 X7 |. iVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)
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1个只收ROTC学生
: Q7 C( x0 N: U$ R- qVirginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college),巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生. ]" m2 _7 {. y' N
' N( q3 t3 p- ]* I0 s( M% b1个军民兼收的私立' m4 l- V& T/ W4 u
Norwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)
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州立海运学院,毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务,但是挂钩的:
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0 }- L6 G1 Z4 [0 vCalifornia State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system)
- k9 |) I4 M$ L: a, t4 N1 q6 E5 O! [Great Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)
9 D! ~% {6 L/ _0 aMaine Maritime Academy) p s: ^8 Q: j9 g' {' r% l
Massachusetts Maritime Academy
3 u# t# j0 S& X R7 w t; Q# |; DState University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)# R/ G* w/ V( Q0 P4 A, ]
Texas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)
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. Z6 q. |; ~9 L* m6 t- o+ z4 k军事大专(Military Junior Colleges),这是很特别的东西,两年毕业,但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格:
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( J) E! j _4 e- hGeorgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)3 |( y' U5 N {2 [7 p; X q
Marion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama)
2 Y% R, u! F* `New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)) d& b0 m. T' ^# s
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
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' }- I2 H. C+ L6 m" x6 q还有一大堆军事高中,为进军校准备的,都是私立的:
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9 L3 ]$ g0 {& ?0 Q# x! |Admiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational)
8 W! M0 i& s9 b- E% _" k5 BAmerican Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)
: V1 o K6 _) I, kArmy and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)
' ]0 c( P" V9 {( r/ e& qBenedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)
; T7 \" R5 r$ s3 _% E* B! JCamden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina)
! y) C7 Q( N+ b6 o8 K( ]# }Christian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York)$ O% X7 J, K. e5 v7 g
Culver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)' M$ q* ^. I" f- {) t ~8 n# K1 @
Fishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)
! i) n- F6 B B; d6 ]) XFlorida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)# m" s# k, {; b
Fork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)7 Q: Q2 f4 z8 @2 ^ {( j& x. H* N
Hargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)9 ?# q+ X8 _1 }0 _! L% k+ `
Howe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational)* I' T4 J+ F( J
La Salle Institute (Troy, New York)
* f/ R" D7 I6 Q% A, ^ l. v" u. ?Leonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational)
}6 ^$ p# H# Y8 ~Lyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)% y F: s" m, V5 b0 I
Marine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas)
" Q5 t( U9 E: X( e$ p( MMassanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)& a2 ]. M" ^) r8 R
Missouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)
" N6 S& S& b1 s: R: f) l+ bNew York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational)
, S( r3 Z- y: f* xNorth Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational)
/ ~' l' d+ b# pOak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational)$ ~, U) g2 T- q9 `6 x5 m2 |
Randolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)- ?* }# a8 i* n+ b. _% N9 \
Riverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)
5 c" u# O* \9 m4 [San Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)
4 ]4 W* s) K5 U. G6 ^Saint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)
2 D* ^, Q. h% W/ x wSt. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys): \- H2 }3 P5 B+ g( S- ? v' q
St. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational)
3 l- x; H+ S9 N' \St. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas)+ o: d( Z2 s( z' A( z) B A. @
St. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)
6 [* J V- G0 B, u% P1 B XSoutheastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida)+ @2 {; m; t8 |! \
TMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]% J$ M. n3 `4 A5 j
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania) Y# N9 p0 I4 Q, D+ @7 M- e
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更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC(青少年ROTC)项目,在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练,为以后参军做准备:5 N X$ y" c9 j# s" d9 j4 `
, N W" P0 M5 t& e" B8 e# |% D5 TAir Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)
' M9 A9 `' m7 M9 mBridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut)( k: I7 a+ ~" e
Carver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
0 @% f d6 J% ~Chicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois). H0 `2 z1 C+ s# z8 A$ `4 G
Cleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)% E1 v2 U* a6 f3 _8 _
Delaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware)% h0 L& `& j( J# ?
First State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware)2 S" `: s8 p- t- X2 A
Franklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]
3 ]( J8 U; i" sGeorgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)
3 t U* Y7 u$ J, AHollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)
0 Q( b+ } M+ X" a1 G8 a9 @$ Y7 @8 CKenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]
9 L# O3 \( r3 `( L( IMarine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey)
' r+ @5 b$ `& {5 L9 x( q# DMarine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
: j& w) h. e+ D$ \New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)
: a7 c; A1 R1 G" W& o, xNew Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)
/ r, T* H/ ~2 u/ B3 ~; m- YOakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)
" I+ K& B9 q1 b2 n' N1 c7 C! nPhiladelphia Military Academy[3]9 R9 ~1 u; ]9 q* W) n) z7 ?" ~: Z
Phoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)6 P7 c; i5 P* O8 _, A" _
Rickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
g- v6 c/ M mSarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)% L' m. Z& A7 G; S
Summerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida)$ M1 V( i) `$ b
Utah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah)
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在另一头,则是各军种的研究生院:
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United States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas),陆军中级军官学校,下设School for Command Preparation,School of Advanced Military Studies,Command and General Staff School,School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics,郝柏村是这里毕业的
6 X9 C! a; f" L: ~; Y$ G& H. y+ UUnited States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania),陆军高级军官学校,招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校$ ~. n5 Q' k- V& L R/ _. w" d( X, n% C
United States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)' m& S% m. ^7 \7 K6 I5 b" C
Naval War College (Newport, Rhode Island),海军中高级军官学校,偏重指挥,下设College of Naval Warfare,Maritime Advanced Warfighting School,College of Naval Command and Staff* D* s% e+ W! A" w6 |
Naval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California),更加偏重科技方面& z" d7 I( O3 i3 N @& r
Marine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)* d8 c, P+ D( h' b2 n
Air University (Montgomery, Alabama),空军中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Air War College,空军高级军官学校;School of Advanced Air and Space Studies,空天战争的研究生院;Air Command and Staff College,空军中级军官学校;Squadron Officer School,中队长学校;Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio),偏重科技
9 | @, t6 e i9 r1 {National Defense University (Washington, D.C.),三军联合,下设National War College,联合作战高级军官学校;Industrial College of the Armed Forces,偏重军工管理;Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia),联合作战中级军官学校/ @( i0 I, q7 C D- e5 }; t/ I
Marine Corps University (Quantico, VA),陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Marine Corps War College,陆战队高级军官学校;School of Advanced Warfighting,陆战队的战术研究生班;Marine Corps Command and Staff College,陆战队中级军官学校;Expeditionary Warfare School,陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校. J0 C2 k9 o3 `) P9 L$ ~+ Q4 m5 y! z
: m% x( T' p6 u* \$ {1 ~各种专门学校(如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……)就数不胜数了,也经常在变动中。
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& N: f5 M" m7 _& E: G* x7 h绕晕了吗?我也是。 |
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