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本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑
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军迷没有不想往西点军校的，但又很少不被美国各种军校（school）、军事学院（academy）和军事大学（college、university）弄糊涂的，更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来，美国军事教育制度又完整，又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育，另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。* d( F, ~' }# h; O3 P
, |, K" e" R! }, C: t3 U军种学院（Federal Service Academies），毕业生直接进入现役，美国海运学院除外：
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United States Military Academy（俗称西点军校，位于纽约州西点，里纽约市不远）* \: ]: I b3 l! d# i: T
United States Naval Academy（俗称安纳波利斯海军学院，位于马里兰州安纳波利斯）1 y0 _. ~& G; A6 N, ]0 u) @3 e
United States Air Force Academy（一般就直译为美国空军学院，位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉）$ {( S) V6 `+ t. I* o) B
United States Coast Guard Academy（美国海岸警卫队学院，位于康涅狄格州新伦敦）; f5 }8 X6 A: W( O* i
United States Merchant Marine Academy（美国海运学院，院长是现已海军少将，毕业生从事航运业，但并非海军军官，位于纽约州金角）
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! t' f8 S. \% X" K6 J( c高级军事学院（Senior Military Colleges），用于训练预备军官团，毕业生按需要成为现役，其余进入预备役：% m6 x6 X. [9 |6 `/ E2 `* @; c0 \
% t& f: U! f0 ~$ p& o4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生，这里public指公立，不一定是对非军人开放' x9 k6 I+ Y2 A f
The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college)* P& {; { W# | q/ V4 f6 O8 S. L4 A
Texas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university)& F: X; Z! ^. w4 n- T* E
University of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)6 O( A5 a; d( K+ i0 @9 d; ~
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)
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]. u, b* K# ]4 L1个只收ROTC学生
/ A2 K5 }9 ?+ p+ v: uVirginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college)，巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生
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5 o( T0 g( H2 M7 ~1个军民兼收的私立0 _2 U$ g6 B9 Z* c- j6 Q
Norwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)
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州立海运学院，毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务，但是挂钩的：. v4 u/ z% f2 C8 g9 N& X
) K/ M7 w* Q. B; E& L$ SCalifornia State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system)* q7 ~1 Z- b4 Y6 [/ ?
Great Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)
2 G0 i* t7 x% G) W: dMaine Maritime Academy
( O/ G6 F1 U/ U' p% e5 CMassachusetts Maritime Academy
}& [) T- F) S% j& ^State University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)- l# h* L2 S' J; F
Texas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)
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军事大专（Military Junior Colleges），这是很特别的东西，两年毕业，但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格：5 n. [" H Z) R& G0 V! S
3 C, ?3 j- a/ |. H+ x5 X6 JGeorgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)) O2 ?% \9 X) \; o
Marion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama)
9 W5 d J+ H9 |9 F' i4 YNew Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)6 R7 p0 p% y( q. w+ D
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
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还有一大堆军事高中，为进军校准备的，都是私立的：9 ~- u* w) |! ~0 P$ z
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Admiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational)
; U i K! ^" J: a+ | O+ h3 LAmerican Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)
$ N3 V" B" p9 Z' HArmy and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)
! u& z0 F) _6 j" A' Y" d/ H0 zBenedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)6 k) u/ G a# z0 K
Camden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina)7 \' }' o8 j( {5 \
Christian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York)
. s+ O2 g; @- W/ _/ J4 h) g l% CCulver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)2 W' }: n% B! {# `9 e" @' T. o
Fishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)9 u) u+ k, h0 ^
Florida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)5 n. F3 M3 s: z, ?8 k5 f* a
Fork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)# y' \# x( ]& V% n3 f3 U: t& w
Hargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)* L* j7 y% Q3 C+ B" M+ n i/ J
Howe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational)& o( r. \; T7 p
La Salle Institute (Troy, New York)
3 v6 R4 ~6 A5 Z4 b2 ZLeonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational)
8 e$ v6 R0 T w' T6 hLyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama): f9 O9 U, P- k2 ]$ }: T. z) u5 h
Marine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas), M5 s2 U+ S6 _( W, v
Massanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)+ U$ d0 Z [, c" R- m" v
Missouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)3 X$ I d% J2 h# R5 b' C$ g( N; ~
New York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational). F* h! ?6 X9 Q0 c, X4 [: i% O7 b$ x
North Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational)# @7 A% r* B; I- G
Oak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational). ?; |. K- w' g, R. }& D
Randolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)
, C L5 f, }8 Z' e' k7 W7 ARiverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)
+ b5 @/ A6 ^3 c" d4 t# FSan Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)
) f; J( m6 D$ K7 Q$ p! BSaint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)! R4 v C3 w& h
St. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys)
]2 @2 K* e& H2 I V" B# iSt. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational)
; Q2 t$ g0 s0 wSt. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas)+ _* M' ]6 A8 _% s/ Q) x
St. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)
: c4 b) t+ P& o- CSoutheastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida)5 @$ y5 X! g# Q6 D4 R, }- b
TMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]
. X% I6 v* V4 F1 I( V7 ZValley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)8 J* j! u. A" n$ n4 j
) u4 M- T( e3 F! V0 J( I7 ] X. ^更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC（青少年ROTC）项目，在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练，为以后参军做准备：
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. d! G8 [7 M2 @" Y, uAir Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)0 @9 `+ d/ l9 O+ u6 t
Bridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut): C% w9 c2 \9 l% e+ c9 C7 j, h
Carver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
" y. e9 [+ k) s- OChicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
; A4 C. F+ b1 ]0 B& J2 U9 pCleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)& o& Y, f+ N3 N1 P& g8 G: j( o
Delaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware)! G z- r! j6 |$ g: r" z$ x
First State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware)
9 H; }+ G3 h, T8 _4 tFranklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]; ^" X- f$ x" A$ M
Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)
4 \- w/ p" D% ]Hollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)
4 l3 a$ v2 d; ^0 b/ f' B- t" fKenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]
- u) O0 E6 f9 vMarine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey)2 g- P X: p9 \! n( w) c
Marine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)6 w3 T( t1 @3 k1 h( j
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)/ _0 F( i& {5 _( `/ A1 o4 D
New Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)* S. b2 o: o! J5 |1 Q/ A- A
Oakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)8 B! \* I) A! m/ H5 \: h/ e
Philadelphia Military Academy[3]) ?+ q; I9 V4 k% ]3 ?
Phoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)0 R5 r( N) h t* s
Rickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
q. X: p- W! h, YSarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)9 w7 I3 q. K7 x& Y q7 A
Summerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida)
% F) D) M8 M3 d& p; oUtah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah)# p) y! \5 k4 K/ |% `; e. s
. e8 R2 [6 g) p; v在另一头，则是各军种的研究生院：
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' G C/ [! |) u. nUnited States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas)，陆军中级军官学校，下设School for Command Preparation，School of Advanced Military Studies，Command and General Staff School，School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics，郝柏村是这里毕业的9 q" r* Z- k# s7 j
United States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)，陆军高级军官学校，招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校
4 @6 r, N3 O0 Y9 o2 C5 fUnited States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)
/ P+ F! n* Z4 t0 A( G" GNaval War College (Newport, Rhode Island)，海军中高级军官学校，偏重指挥，下设College of Naval Warfare，Maritime Advanced Warfighting School，College of Naval Command and Staff7 B; ~) I8 ~6 ~/ Q0 o9 D% y
Naval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California)，更加偏重科技方面. S; B, {/ Q9 n' ]* t
Marine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)
1 ?: U$ g9 V m5 U8 ]Air University (Montgomery, Alabama)，空军中高级军官学校的统一架构，下设Air War College，空军高级军官学校；School of Advanced Air and Space Studies，空天战争的研究生院；Air Command and Staff College，空军中级军官学校；Squadron Officer School，中队长学校；Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio)，偏重科技
& ]3 `: d3 g- I- m- H3 Y& ONational Defense University (Washington, D.C.)，三军联合，下设National War College，联合作战高级军官学校；Industrial College of the Armed Forces，偏重军工管理；Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia)，联合作战中级军官学校' C% p7 F2 ~" h5 M h: }
Marine Corps University (Quantico, VA)，陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构，下设Marine Corps War College，陆战队高级军官学校；School of Advanced Warfighting，陆战队的战术研究生班；Marine Corps Command and Staff College，陆战队中级军官学校；Expeditionary Warfare School，陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校
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各种专门学校（如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……）就数不胜数了，也经常在变动中。% Z& |7 }8 @6 i. G
7 ?$ v2 T4 A+ I绕晕了吗？我也是。 |
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发表于 2020-6-21 12:06:24
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