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本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑
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, ?# h$ w+ I1 ^! P+ Y& J( E军迷没有不想往西点军校的,但又很少不被美国各种军校(school)、军事学院(academy)和军事大学(college、university)弄糊涂的,更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来,美国军事教育制度又完整,又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育,另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。) ]5 _; @# g0 s% ?7 L& c
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军种学院(Federal Service Academies),毕业生直接进入现役,美国海运学院除外:
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United States Military Academy(俗称西点军校,位于纽约州西点,里纽约市不远)
1 R+ Y7 z! v& T# x$ `8 UUnited States Naval Academy(俗称安纳波利斯海军学院,位于马里兰州安纳波利斯) w- V8 A% l' v i* B: a
United States Air Force Academy(一般就直译为美国空军学院,位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉)
! T: W) ~5 Y2 R; v* P7 i) s O2 V. J& t/ [United States Coast Guard Academy(美国海岸警卫队学院,位于康涅狄格州新伦敦); m1 ?! a. n9 k( Y6 F) ]- x
United States Merchant Marine Academy(美国海运学院,院长是现已海军少将,毕业生从事航运业,但并非海军军官,位于纽约州金角)
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; W' T: b/ }4 r' z R高级军事学院(Senior Military Colleges),用于训练预备军官团,毕业生按需要成为现役,其余进入预备役:
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4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生,这里public指公立,不一定是对非军人开放# v, D! G7 C3 g |; Z V4 m1 W
The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college)- Z2 l+ p% ~( ]/ }
Texas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university)
' x4 C+ d/ [9 s: ^$ r8 d1 VUniversity of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university) w) r: \- H C" I: }. d; d l
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)
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1个只收ROTC学生
+ V$ @' S) @3 p! }4 ?Virginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college),巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生; K$ n1 ?) O, @8 t+ S/ N
1 X9 \+ o% u9 i) e$ Q0 h1个军民兼收的私立
! [% G' K M0 `+ PNorwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)3 G- ^8 S7 V; v. T. T; Q5 @
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州立海运学院,毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务,但是挂钩的:7 b/ W5 S" w/ s) n
8 C1 f& k1 V% y; o4 a- }California State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system); V9 B4 o8 ^: x B: }" l) `
Great Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)! Y# G6 G7 k! |/ n; `
Maine Maritime Academy2 d' L O+ Z" p
Massachusetts Maritime Academy
0 _; f0 W0 q" M( Z% bState University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)
) `4 X7 ?/ i( t) cTexas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)
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军事大专(Military Junior Colleges),这是很特别的东西,两年毕业,但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格:# r* c+ t) z. G) s5 ^
J6 _* |- j1 g# U6 d/ hGeorgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia): ~3 }1 v8 b7 r8 l
Marion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama)
0 `& Y! D6 [% I6 r) |9 n: t) R$ lNew Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)' i; b' ]: p: w& |" [* D7 a8 J
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)& [. g/ T# ~& h1 e5 t' {5 d) g7 }5 M
* Y _+ o: C" [% e; ]1 z; N还有一大堆军事高中,为进军校准备的,都是私立的:
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% M" P+ e$ `; g8 g9 DAdmiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational)
* m) V1 f$ j0 ?9 V$ J' @) uAmerican Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)8 R2 y2 V) t5 ?/ e& ]0 F
Army and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)' n5 C0 j* {8 J* f8 l% \
Benedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)
0 l/ Y- C$ ?% Y4 d1 M$ K% BCamden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina)
# U9 ~! p1 K, K7 d, A! \5 N/ {Christian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York)6 s6 d& s# Y# [: P" ^4 Z2 a2 V7 R8 [8 ^( x
Culver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)
, R) e# ~0 D' @8 T; zFishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)
0 l7 X0 m Z; N+ j- @! \/ |Florida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)
; y+ [+ Q$ ]. Q+ X: `Fork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)
* m. w. P8 A6 F" RHargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)
1 @* l( m6 p/ a7 p( ~/ ~- z5 wHowe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational)1 H! h+ a3 W4 \: n- b
La Salle Institute (Troy, New York)$ |% s/ D, `7 {- q7 S, e L# Q7 o
Leonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational); L& j% t# A" [2 a
Lyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)
4 r! u. v; [2 M0 xMarine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas)$ e2 j: G% p2 H i$ w+ \; m
Massanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)
: k! w Z: Y) B( d/ DMissouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)1 s* k. V- r1 H, @
New York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational)
0 ^: s- W: e3 W5 cNorth Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational)( ]( D2 P. ?( U
Oak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational)
7 Z f8 X8 F6 o, M; z. SRandolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational). G$ v4 b7 X) r
Riverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)
% {: s! u6 s2 k, SSan Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)
% t7 L' `! x* R N8 ?- {Saint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)
/ w# c$ l d6 k& A% _0 NSt. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys): I- ?2 ]* n& j, L# s6 p* `
St. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational); w P. S) z* r7 n
St. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas)" G2 s( [! E q% ~# b
St. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)) d. p) J0 `0 j
Southeastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida)
$ Y% X" H4 U: i" z8 XTMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]4 F0 E$ @# t" d
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)( X; H/ h) E+ ]
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更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC(青少年ROTC)项目,在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练,为以后参军做准备:& V) ~$ e- | v+ `
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Air Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)
# E+ V( q, J; {5 `5 q6 W# S$ _ i. RBridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut)2 l: \: Z6 ^0 R/ V2 `: @# u
Carver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)# O8 x5 O! U/ Z
Chicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
, H" }3 k9 W7 q ~Cleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)8 ?! [& a' A' ]2 \0 m% G; l8 ?
Delaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware)! k5 ]" K4 ?- h) v! L
First State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware)
! o# C. F6 S7 v3 HFranklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]& c( _. d1 H- `8 A( h
Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)
8 \- b, ?) O$ o5 L" f6 RHollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)
# b) I* L% o9 qKenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]
2 d$ P9 P. B! v$ |4 v# G. UMarine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey)
9 h( A) q" o" L1 x" ?* s" ?Marine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
+ i+ j/ s n V" }+ d) B M# uNew Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)5 r `; j0 O9 G% j0 p1 V
New Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana): E" v2 {% v. O% r' m6 T" O2 w$ B5 ]- N
Oakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)$ e% I3 O0 G; A. z3 P
Philadelphia Military Academy[3]
. W8 \5 w( k, q0 G+ P. ] t9 bPhoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
' z" p2 _: X6 wRickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)7 q0 T, h: C8 U& {8 U6 U2 t3 f
Sarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)8 B L5 {( b6 j- a4 T+ M4 A. e" [: `) S1 @
Summerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida)
5 y* q8 W' W4 a: C: E( z) UUtah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah)
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9 r l# @/ v" n; W在另一头,则是各军种的研究生院:7 f4 W0 W# q$ S8 ? F! d: E
$ t4 t6 S8 ]3 jUnited States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas),陆军中级军官学校,下设School for Command Preparation,School of Advanced Military Studies,Command and General Staff School,School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics,郝柏村是这里毕业的
$ O0 Q! k! e2 f7 z/ oUnited States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania),陆军高级军官学校,招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校
$ Q/ q) ~& V% k8 J* l' I- EUnited States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)# H" W! Q# o/ }( z( d
Naval War College (Newport, Rhode Island),海军中高级军官学校,偏重指挥,下设College of Naval Warfare,Maritime Advanced Warfighting School,College of Naval Command and Staff5 ]% R4 [( G3 }( ^ W$ n
Naval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California),更加偏重科技方面
1 ?, Q' ~ Y+ c3 g+ \5 pMarine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)3 G* y& F, X0 F0 D# ?1 K2 H! S
Air University (Montgomery, Alabama),空军中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Air War College,空军高级军官学校;School of Advanced Air and Space Studies,空天战争的研究生院;Air Command and Staff College,空军中级军官学校;Squadron Officer School,中队长学校;Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio),偏重科技
m0 L: Z8 O$ F& s( ]National Defense University (Washington, D.C.),三军联合,下设National War College,联合作战高级军官学校;Industrial College of the Armed Forces,偏重军工管理;Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia),联合作战中级军官学校
5 h/ |; w: D- U0 N7 n: EMarine Corps University (Quantico, VA),陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Marine Corps War College,陆战队高级军官学校;School of Advanced Warfighting,陆战队的战术研究生班;Marine Corps Command and Staff College,陆战队中级军官学校;Expeditionary Warfare School,陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校
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; z' Y8 F! B$ X2 k; K' V) Y- h各种专门学校(如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……)就数不胜数了,也经常在变动中。
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: `5 w! Z+ k6 o: Z; z! }绕晕了吗?我也是。 |
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