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本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑
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, ~# d4 p8 f/ M0 R; [' D. p军迷没有不想往西点军校的，但又很少不被美国各种军校（school）、军事学院（academy）和军事大学（college、university）弄糊涂的，更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来，美国军事教育制度又完整，又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育，另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。
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军种学院（Federal Service Academies），毕业生直接进入现役，美国海运学院除外：* t& X) @* w. m: N/ G2 ?. t
# f8 c# w# f+ g' o4 j! E$ BUnited States Military Academy（俗称西点军校，位于纽约州西点，里纽约市不远）, M/ g0 g3 f6 o+ T% B
United States Naval Academy（俗称安纳波利斯海军学院，位于马里兰州安纳波利斯）
6 P1 a1 M: K& U0 z; C+ IUnited States Air Force Academy（一般就直译为美国空军学院，位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉）
" k* h4 A7 Q8 A1 CUnited States Coast Guard Academy（美国海岸警卫队学院，位于康涅狄格州新伦敦）
4 m! n, Z( l- d& F1 cUnited States Merchant Marine Academy（美国海运学院，院长是现已海军少将，毕业生从事航运业，但并非海军军官，位于纽约州金角）
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高级军事学院（Senior Military Colleges），用于训练预备军官团，毕业生按需要成为现役，其余进入预备役：
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4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生，这里public指公立，不一定是对非军人开放
9 u2 b" y0 I% C7 HThe Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college)1 k5 k9 h9 u/ F
Texas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university)
$ p5 W: C( k' F" a' TUniversity of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)
- H% a; p" G! m- y: M6 xVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)8 O& w# X ]) \
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1个只收ROTC学生
2 g5 Y8 s! u! Z, W2 q! O6 h4 k6 B/ R9 FVirginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college)，巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生$ G% [( Y* k8 r3 A
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1个军民兼收的私立
. Z6 T! t8 n. h3 bNorwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)
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州立海运学院，毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务，但是挂钩的：
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% |' Q! I2 s1 F' P; d+ ?California State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system)- k8 V7 L( |- ^0 Q
Great Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)3 O5 E1 s$ y- S: G4 f4 T
Maine Maritime Academy" e" `7 O0 h4 I
Massachusetts Maritime Academy5 @+ q) u$ c- J
State University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)
W5 U i1 k" @7 S- a* N- T' @( XTexas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)* N- k+ ~2 Y+ ?& F" Z
6 [* c( h9 I" C2 Q军事大专（Military Junior Colleges），这是很特别的东西，两年毕业，但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格：
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( e' y L# [4 @( aGeorgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)4 G; c: R. W! J, m' n0 B
Marion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama)
: V. Y" h: I- I6 Q1 lNew Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)# N' y: J) X/ |$ @1 o& f
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
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, r+ l* C4 \$ w还有一大堆军事高中，为进军校准备的，都是私立的：" B+ r8 w+ Z" z7 R; P, N
& y; r8 i/ m+ I4 ]/ xAdmiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational)/ n X' L# c; H- q( }! _$ D
American Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)
, G3 I6 ^. r: U% G/ r0 _Army and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)
u0 c7 W2 J1 D7 S! m! R3 M$ uBenedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)
" S6 v* ^5 f8 cCamden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina)* W3 e0 S$ M! k3 t
Christian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York)# t7 a! n% q) p: N
Culver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)
s: x& L* Q! E2 HFishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)0 | m/ K$ b" X+ K: e* D/ n
Florida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)$ g: E; A# E, n2 J! f: I
Fork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)0 Z' K( l0 q7 x) _* k; c! x
Hargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)' H' z+ U+ _: ^2 Q1 |
Howe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational)+ Z5 F* X8 q; i: d5 M( f+ P
La Salle Institute (Troy, New York)
( m& ~! t& S2 l. BLeonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational)
& ^8 h3 f: [7 ]8 {Lyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)
% a7 \, J/ c" L2 z" VMarine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas)
' o- y I) _$ k4 j+ ~5 RMassanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)% i7 \% e g7 |! [! [7 q
Missouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)
, u0 K) Q* A+ ~' d( \7 G% INew York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational)" }7 `6 J- h7 Q; \3 b, T" }
North Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational)+ w: C) V1 c9 v1 q9 [
Oak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational)
% K. W" w/ K1 j* P, c8 ?: S# H$ W3 BRandolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)/ [, t4 t; U. e
Riverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia); V/ N; [$ {& Y! Y5 s
San Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)0 t7 G8 Y$ |/ q; P( q" V7 B
Saint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)
, v) Y- t4 v# YSt. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys)+ h4 Y6 t" i/ \& [5 n7 p' j5 H
St. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational)4 }) t! i' |4 F2 `( e3 w4 ?
St. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas). y: q8 d9 P* b/ V
St. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)
9 q8 J# i, x2 ^' d8 V0 z' P! @: ISoutheastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida)
% i; R. X) F8 d* F8 w# KTMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]7 }+ u% d$ g3 N2 J# Z2 G1 N* r
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)7 @% Y5 F* [$ t; o9 Q
0 c) v" F. ]* _. w. j7 ]更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC（青少年ROTC）项目，在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练，为以后参军做准备：: M6 A& }- A' W8 g$ w
3 ?3 P" E5 s( u: D7 c& c( y' o% F9 OAir Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)# u) k7 F( C: K
Bridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut)
4 b: t4 w1 _! U" z$ RCarver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)8 |0 I4 t1 j' Z
Chicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
. z' F3 z& y( ICleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)1 v+ S: q# @- @6 Z7 T6 V4 C( F
Delaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware)7 a. B# _. T: i5 L. z
First State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware)1 x2 ^ \% |* O/ V* C
Franklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]
4 G" ?" r* b* n% a& n6 i4 \5 {# w$ XGeorgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)
% E f: {% P0 ?; oHollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)/ E& K6 R# j9 a, ~
Kenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]) d5 b) @4 ?& C7 |$ X$ @' ?& a
Marine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey)
5 J" u8 Q. z2 E# D. fMarine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)1 F7 c7 j8 Y" ]* U; `- V7 m- u
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)
z4 t B8 t. [6 \( B0 Z5 y% XNew Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)
4 R( L5 P' Q2 p9 N+ y/ ~, f2 oOakland Military Institute (Oakland, California): S- v% s" P K
Philadelphia Military Academy[3]
A! s( f! w1 cPhoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
2 E3 f# \ D! i; I5 T2 @* T2 eRickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)6 U* H& _; I9 s M. a$ |" Z
Sarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)' w5 `7 C: M$ \3 u3 k# \% O r
Summerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida)
( k4 X# B+ s9 qUtah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah)! u: q2 s5 V. Y/ u$ X& N7 M# ]
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在另一头，则是各军种的研究生院：
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United States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas)，陆军中级军官学校，下设School for Command Preparation，School of Advanced Military Studies，Command and General Staff School，School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics，郝柏村是这里毕业的
2 Q0 T6 |. V1 v: y. q5 Y2 YUnited States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)，陆军高级军官学校，招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校6 T6 S4 _: F6 @! k: B8 {
United States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)0 Z6 P% x5 X( @, ]/ Q9 r" H
Naval War College (Newport, Rhode Island)，海军中高级军官学校，偏重指挥，下设College of Naval Warfare，Maritime Advanced Warfighting School，College of Naval Command and Staff
" U, s$ } j7 X: K1 [1 SNaval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California)，更加偏重科技方面
% x" K' [+ l' R% O1 d }4 E" J0 dMarine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia); A/ [ ^6 V: R! G! s0 M. h
Air University (Montgomery, Alabama)，空军中高级军官学校的统一架构，下设Air War College，空军高级军官学校；School of Advanced Air and Space Studies，空天战争的研究生院；Air Command and Staff College，空军中级军官学校；Squadron Officer School，中队长学校；Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio)，偏重科技/ ^" E2 a* v& Z C
National Defense University (Washington, D.C.)，三军联合，下设National War College，联合作战高级军官学校；Industrial College of the Armed Forces，偏重军工管理；Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia)，联合作战中级军官学校5 D" l& X! k, z$ ]% V
Marine Corps University (Quantico, VA)，陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构，下设Marine Corps War College，陆战队高级军官学校；School of Advanced Warfighting，陆战队的战术研究生班；Marine Corps Command and Staff College，陆战队中级军官学校；Expeditionary Warfare School，陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校+ D* [4 d- w* R, v
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各种专门学校（如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……）就数不胜数了，也经常在变动中。# H3 ^) D3 F3 q, j' q! d/ C
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绕晕了吗？我也是。 |
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发表于 2020-6-21 12:06:24
