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本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑 $ r J1 c$ R* t n
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军迷没有不想往西点军校的,但又很少不被美国各种军校(school)、军事学院(academy)和军事大学(college、university)弄糊涂的,更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来,美国军事教育制度又完整,又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育,另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。
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* j: F) K9 I% r# T9 }8 A军种学院(Federal Service Academies),毕业生直接进入现役,美国海运学院除外:
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United States Military Academy(俗称西点军校,位于纽约州西点,里纽约市不远)4 L2 w) K2 f9 c& x4 R
United States Naval Academy(俗称安纳波利斯海军学院,位于马里兰州安纳波利斯)
3 n" [) y8 x- MUnited States Air Force Academy(一般就直译为美国空军学院,位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉)/ J9 y- k" ]# u- T8 T
United States Coast Guard Academy(美国海岸警卫队学院,位于康涅狄格州新伦敦)* {0 M+ X1 o3 B8 Q
United States Merchant Marine Academy(美国海运学院,院长是现已海军少将,毕业生从事航运业,但并非海军军官,位于纽约州金角)* {: O. d& G' \1 D) P# D
- C- C/ V' }) D! X. o# n高级军事学院(Senior Military Colleges),用于训练预备军官团,毕业生按需要成为现役,其余进入预备役:
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4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生,这里public指公立,不一定是对非军人开放
6 Q y5 ?4 \9 f% L2 EThe Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college)7 d$ ^9 d: d, `: @; v& {
Texas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university)( l: u/ ^4 `) P
University of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)" A; x4 o! U+ Q! `2 z$ m5 `. [
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)
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1个只收ROTC学生1 H8 W1 u' ~- G+ {! U
Virginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college),巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生
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1个军民兼收的私立6 L4 p4 z1 b+ d0 g& C' M6 i
Norwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)* W% O1 C c$ L6 L- l% c1 c
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州立海运学院,毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务,但是挂钩的: o5 ?2 v% H& L& I, Z' P/ _
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California State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system)
! x" R6 J( W. ?8 t3 lGreat Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)
1 E, A0 }6 ?8 I' P! Q! K) vMaine Maritime Academy
5 N' L3 f- l) Y9 @- w) m6 U+ k) {Massachusetts Maritime Academy
0 q" m. `/ A: @6 o3 wState University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)
, k# k' A# e- H" ITexas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)7 ]4 S% T- Y8 ], H, `
/ C, e, q, U3 a/ B0 C7 o军事大专(Military Junior Colleges),这是很特别的东西,两年毕业,但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格:; ]# k( U: [5 B0 r$ t# _, g
1 s; o: C h5 e1 ^# QGeorgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)
, C- ^$ I y& L% P- I7 O6 L* yMarion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama)0 M8 p/ \( a, e# o3 Y& t+ d* b d
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)
1 b* {0 K+ ?: JValley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)8 {0 W4 q6 V; Z7 u
: q8 W: L+ |( O; Y, P还有一大堆军事高中,为进军校准备的,都是私立的:; C- W, m f' ?
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Admiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational)
& Q2 ]4 I8 b. o8 K2 ~American Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)
/ T7 d# q6 B% Z$ o$ `/ c% z- h* ^Army and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)& ?" V8 C( w/ B0 |+ z0 g
Benedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)% p% X4 c. X, y/ D m
Camden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina)
# A }2 u3 v7 }' R* E1 UChristian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York)
! O2 S7 o. l0 Z3 M# J; hCulver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)5 E- f4 f- x, E# Y2 j' o
Fishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)
0 P4 F- H- ~$ L$ KFlorida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)
$ W* g% l. s% l" `8 lFork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)8 G. y9 F8 e8 M$ V) B- R; _8 g" t
Hargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)
0 a5 ?; f. r Q; R: ^+ G5 [Howe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational)1 \: q) ~ T! f! m2 G& i* m
La Salle Institute (Troy, New York)
* n: ]) b1 l; K3 Y2 M6 MLeonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational)
2 U6 L# F# \7 rLyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)
4 @! x A: C8 G) w! x2 NMarine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas)- v. o2 i. |0 t6 n3 p
Massanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)/ M& Q5 l9 X: m8 {6 A4 Z W8 P7 {; ]
Missouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri)2 P% o' m C. k+ V
New York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational)
# \) e+ o( ]. X1 \$ D( H! qNorth Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational)4 P1 H6 s: A7 p. g- Z5 d
Oak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational)
6 A/ F' A2 o% B0 O- o, DRandolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)
" }! x9 {- ^/ @. MRiverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)7 a' v/ M# |. C3 l" f/ I
San Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)9 u6 @# N) ?* Y6 d. I
Saint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)$ X* r% P* _ ~3 f2 S D
St. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys)( e7 X* g& W2 w3 d. V! x
St. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational)
2 ]% x; ]( u7 R2 E" a6 CSt. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas)
9 X1 h; S- o9 e. J( l0 JSt. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)1 ?( y1 O: W1 r, n
Southeastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida)
7 Z9 E1 H! T) T+ sTMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]
$ C4 v% g* m8 r9 k5 GValley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)( P8 k5 p; q- r) v5 Q
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更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC(青少年ROTC)项目,在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练,为以后参军做准备:
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Air Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)
& _$ m: h/ k7 j% z" a' L B8 QBridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut)9 K3 p% X3 q" E! M
Carver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)+ _- x# J4 e+ M( B- D/ f2 B
Chicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
s2 b" H& v5 Y& zCleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)
" Y5 X6 }. j9 yDelaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware)
6 b$ [; D/ }5 g$ nFirst State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware)
* B5 F/ x- l0 z- n, SFranklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]' g+ f# B, S" O; @
Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)
! ~) |+ Z/ d8 b, X! a7 uHollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)1 G8 z1 L, ^$ w) `( g
Kenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]
6 c7 R: b' `! [) {Marine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey)
, u( S9 {3 T% \+ L3 {) b' m+ Z4 q* TMarine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
4 q1 \- B& J7 d9 |New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)8 m- C: y$ t: b( J
New Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)
$ m$ y7 p7 }- X* `Oakland Military Institute (Oakland, California)
& ^( F% X/ G+ }, E$ IPhiladelphia Military Academy[3]' Y& v! i. T5 b: y. D) c
Phoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
1 ?9 k( T# s$ M4 d# Y) L& D. jRickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)6 N% T$ [2 {% n- y0 c& f( [. E
Sarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)
# v" q" e+ \5 Q8 @6 y0 p" A7 o. j2 ^Summerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida)
* e( H; {5 ]; v( ~& MUtah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah): A h/ b' ]9 P) Z1 R
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在另一头,则是各军种的研究生院:! x8 z+ c) O4 P+ h( X0 G E
- i; g( n/ W0 cUnited States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas),陆军中级军官学校,下设School for Command Preparation,School of Advanced Military Studies,Command and General Staff School,School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics,郝柏村是这里毕业的
8 k8 g8 k. q3 R# L. j, E! B5 XUnited States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania),陆军高级军官学校,招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校& w7 X! L( L% I1 R: R
United States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)
2 ^% d5 I# e: ]7 MNaval War College (Newport, Rhode Island),海军中高级军官学校,偏重指挥,下设College of Naval Warfare,Maritime Advanced Warfighting School,College of Naval Command and Staff
; |% d |" j* }! \4 h8 vNaval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California),更加偏重科技方面
, w& g0 O1 P, cMarine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)
" q: J' t& q5 e3 f7 [5 ]Air University (Montgomery, Alabama),空军中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Air War College,空军高级军官学校;School of Advanced Air and Space Studies,空天战争的研究生院;Air Command and Staff College,空军中级军官学校;Squadron Officer School,中队长学校;Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio),偏重科技
7 | S: `! L7 WNational Defense University (Washington, D.C.),三军联合,下设National War College,联合作战高级军官学校;Industrial College of the Armed Forces,偏重军工管理;Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia),联合作战中级军官学校( x' @9 v9 r6 c* B
Marine Corps University (Quantico, VA),陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Marine Corps War College,陆战队高级军官学校;School of Advanced Warfighting,陆战队的战术研究生班;Marine Corps Command and Staff College,陆战队中级军官学校;Expeditionary Warfare School,陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校
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各种专门学校(如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……)就数不胜数了,也经常在变动中。. t {5 a0 @9 ?+ [ O0 B
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绕晕了吗?我也是。 |
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