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本帖最后由 晨枫 于 2020-6-20 14:00 编辑 / N# w0 k7 L @" K
o$ E7 x0 s5 Y军迷没有不想往西点军校的,但又很少不被美国各种军校(school)、军事学院(academy)和军事大学(college、university)弄糊涂的,更是有一些貌似民间的大学在里面参合。说起来,美国军事教育制度又完整,又混乱。一方面在很多地方领导世界军事教育,另一方面又由于历史积淀攒了很多陈腐的东西。这里理一理。
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& `$ H! p( s4 k8 Z( q/ d' w5 t, m军种学院(Federal Service Academies),毕业生直接进入现役,美国海运学院除外:* b H: D! b* _% Z
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United States Military Academy(俗称西点军校,位于纽约州西点,里纽约市不远)
8 M7 O; i0 z7 m9 ]% PUnited States Naval Academy(俗称安纳波利斯海军学院,位于马里兰州安纳波利斯)
" ~' a5 y, j, T2 LUnited States Air Force Academy(一般就直译为美国空军学院,位于科罗拉多州科罗拉多泉)
3 \0 w1 Z/ F+ l% I9 VUnited States Coast Guard Academy(美国海岸警卫队学院,位于康涅狄格州新伦敦)
% C: K+ F) j* ^2 U ~United States Merchant Marine Academy(美国海运学院,院长是现已海军少将,毕业生从事航运业,但并非海军军官,位于纽约州金角)1 K3 A1 h8 X) w Z$ }9 P4 v
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高级军事学院(Senior Military Colleges),用于训练预备军官团,毕业生按需要成为现役,其余进入预备役:$ q( G* w7 \% c: y! s1 C7 Z
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4个也同时接受非ROTC的民间大学生,这里public指公立,不一定是对非军人开放7 J% i1 o& ^8 e7 P* y2 v
The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina (Charleston, South Carolina; four-year public college) o3 s6 b" G2 d! A
Texas A&M University (College Station, Texas; four-year public university)
8 [* R$ m7 Z' G; q) q! F1 LUniversity of North Georgia (Dahlonega, Georgia; four-year public university)
0 b5 e; z2 t3 H2 H7 ^/ R$ i+ c HVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Blacksburg, Virginia; four-year public university)3 ]0 t1 F |" N
8 \2 x6 n& S! h4 y' t2 B1个只收ROTC学生
6 W% ]8 E6 h, @# uVirginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia; four-year public college),巴顿将军就是这里最出名的毕业生
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. I+ l7 \9 E/ G3 f9 \* s1个军民兼收的私立
( g# V8 M0 M j0 N1 R8 d% w4 R3 W; mNorwich University (Northfield, Vermont; four-year private university)
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州立海运学院,毕业生不能自动获得海岸警卫队或者军事海运方面的职务,但是挂钩的:5 ?/ u2 c5 g4 N, b+ N3 w' m9 x
- }. {4 U4 u6 {California State University Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system)
: L0 F( m% B. f. J" ?Great Lakes Maritime Academy (a division of Northwestern Michigan College)5 N; w% v5 F7 _3 g
Maine Maritime Academy
7 {0 z0 M$ a6 H8 M0 W; B/ \Massachusetts Maritime Academy
5 C% Q7 T1 G2 x$ ~! JState University of New York Maritime College (part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system)
! Z7 X- ` [6 KTexas A&M Maritime Academy (part of the Texas A&M University System)/ U5 U- S/ S Y/ K; \, i
* V5 k1 q, ~& t& _- {* P* j军事大专(Military Junior Colleges),这是很特别的东西,两年毕业,但必须自己另外读完民间大学的大三、大四才能或者完整ROTC资格:
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+ t! E- J0 t/ D' dGeorgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia)
$ S1 N3 L# ~ w* G" JMarion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama) ?3 L/ C4 P9 Q
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico)- z9 `3 N) @4 c, {/ Y3 k, _" W
Valley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania); q& {$ ~! u; `3 h1 c" ?
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还有一大堆军事高中,为进军校准备的,都是私立的:' E8 Y$ ]# l: i3 r/ \
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Admiral Farragut Academy (St. Petersburg, Florida; coeducational)+ ?! D Y [9 v
American Military Academy (Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; coeducational)' {* B: d9 T: q7 Q( [
Army and Navy Academy (Carlsbad, California)! D% W+ z i! C
Benedictine College Preparatory (Richmond, Virginia)
A3 H6 k- c9 ?4 O: T$ M/ v- |+ y. u! o8 TCamden Military Academy (Camden, South Carolina)) s; P5 e( e6 X$ L, ?4 F
Christian Brothers Academy (Albany, New York)) T4 T( Z8 A7 J7 s( y2 x/ R
Culver Military Academy (Culver, Indiana)
7 F! A3 e) B; J2 z" dFishburne Military School (Waynesboro, Virginia)
* t% I7 L. O( w( e3 RFlorida Preparatory Academy (Melbourne, Florida; coeducational from 2005)
6 _9 I R( y6 PFork Union Military Academy (Fork Union, Virginia)
8 \. g; T W8 [/ x1 d) n% fHargrave Military Academy (Chatham, Virginia)& ^) {1 _8 \; j' B" |* n$ {7 Q
Howe Military School (Howe, Indiana; coeducational)
5 t9 S) L+ C' }; b! ^* b ILa Salle Institute (Troy, New York)
+ L& n1 L4 ~# v4 ]( PLeonard Hall Junior Naval Academy (Leonardtown, Maryland; coeducational)5 ]% h. u5 ~6 Z/ H! [
Lyman Ward Military Academy (Camp Hill, Alabama)
8 j9 a$ z5 U) OMarine Military Academy (Harlingen, Texas) |4 m, G6 r$ e# N' g0 J, l+ c
Massanutten Academy (Woodstock, Virginia; coeducational)
% M: O& C7 }2 y4 k& R9 z, vMissouri Military Academy (Mexico, Missouri), k' a" v1 o: g2 y- B L
New York Military Academy (Cornwall on Hudson, New York; coeducational)
. w; @, p5 z: J6 t3 `" dNorth Valley Military Institute (Sun Valley, California; coeducational)
7 S! H$ X/ s* JOak Ridge Military Academy (Oak Ridge, North Carolina; coeducational)3 R$ c" r7 g% S! G
Randolph-Macon Academy (Front Royal, Virginia; coeducational)
5 q; {( z! ~; |2 N. M3 M8 V: fRiverside Military Academy (Gainesville, Georgia)
8 V, O& }- }: T& [" K9 k! b0 h3 @San Marcos Baptist Academy (San Marcos, Texas)
1 k/ g/ G4 v9 b" j ~- |3 hSaint Thomas Academy (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)* G# n6 w8 q. \7 j4 h* Y
St. Catherine's Academy (Anaheim, California; Kindergarten - 8th Grade; all boys)
( F; w) W* ~" Z5 f9 N, CSt. John's College High School (Washington, DC; first JROTC school in the USA; coeducational)7 I Y% F4 h( k b4 c
St. John's Military School (Salina, Kansas)+ f# \& @( n3 l# \1 y. |3 h( h8 P \
St. John's Northwestern Military Academy (Delafield, Wisconsin)
7 J# j0 p/ S% k) k* N+ b( hSoutheastern Military Academy (Port St. Lucie, Florida)% }. T1 s, g& @. X. x
TMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (San Antonio, Texas[2]
' Z9 T3 u4 P, [. B' bValley Forge Military Academy and College (Wayne, Pennsylvania)
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& i/ q' |; X0 r6 r8 |% m更有一大堆公立高中有国防部部份资助的JROTC(青少年ROTC)项目,在高中期间就接受一定的军事训练,为以后参军做准备:
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Air Force Academy High School (Chicago, Illinois)8 _9 \+ O- n) B- y: e* {
Bridgeport Military Academy First Responders (Bridgeport, Connecticut)' |- Q8 U, M% j' `$ T( K
Carver Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)! `3 g8 w+ L/ a7 i9 b: H# E
Chicago Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
8 ~: j S: G& s. ^Cleveland Junior Naval Academy (St. Louis, Missouri)
8 s, C, M5 }/ r/ tDelaware Military Academy (Wilmington, Delaware)
) o, |) |% W+ `5 o3 HFirst State Military Academy (Smyrna, Delaware)
( Y- R6 I" }: J; S; M: oFranklin Military Academy (Richmond, Virginia; the country’s first secondary military academy)[3]8 c+ y$ F9 R V/ L) j( P) v
Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia; coeducational, public but not part of University System of Georgia)" W, b+ ~% i" o5 C
Hollywood Hills Military Academy (Hollywood, Florida)
& k5 v6 q8 v, y1 f5 t7 ~& _+ |Kenosha Military Academy (Wisconsin)[3]8 T- d2 H; w* g, x* l5 z
Marine Academy of Science and Technology (Sandy Hook, New Jersey)
5 g( Y: R! n: g; Z" |: |* J" r, w" SMarine Math and Science Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
% ~6 k$ s+ E8 V. `3 yNew Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico; coeducational)
) n; _' x1 h: c4 g" qNew Orleans Military and Maritime Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)
% z& w& l' ^1 ~7 J; V* SOakland Military Institute (Oakland, California) q( t O. s( U5 E( x% F. x3 ]+ s
Philadelphia Military Academy[3]
& M" }" ]" k* g$ |Phoenix Military Academy (Chicago, Illinois)5 @7 }; h2 j [/ J+ b+ I* k1 A
Rickover Naval Academy (Chicago, Illinois)
/ t0 J( Z, i- W" FSarasota Military Academy (Sarasota, Florida)
- g; j4 W) L9 ^) }$ G" vSummerlin Military Academy (Bartow, Florida)8 Z& k1 t, _: L2 e' a* \. C
Utah Military Academy (Riverdale, Utah)5 H k% ~2 W& v! y8 v, w; i/ J
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在另一头,则是各军种的研究生院:" l. j6 j$ ?& P* p2 ]$ ~' J T
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United States Army Command and General Staff College (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas),陆军中级军官学校,下设School for Command Preparation,School of Advanced Military Studies,Command and General Staff School,School for Advanced Leadership and Tactics,郝柏村是这里毕业的
+ ?% x7 }. j# w% b7 l0 b, ]5 UUnited States Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania),陆军高级军官学校,招收有希望晋升将官的中校和上校
0 U9 `8 d3 L. g5 P1 PUnited States Army Warrant Officer Career College (Fort Rucker, Alabama)
7 M0 \4 o+ c0 m: W0 _2 ~& oNaval War College (Newport, Rhode Island),海军中高级军官学校,偏重指挥,下设College of Naval Warfare,Maritime Advanced Warfighting School,College of Naval Command and Staff
3 ?3 I- P5 A9 W6 Q aNaval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California),更加偏重科技方面' m* S- g. F4 [3 P
Marine Corps University (Quantico, Virginia)7 ^8 {) X2 a3 R) u) B' c5 X
Air University (Montgomery, Alabama),空军中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Air War College,空军高级军官学校;School of Advanced Air and Space Studies,空天战争的研究生院;Air Command and Staff College,空军中级军官学校;Squadron Officer School,中队长学校;Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio),偏重科技& e, A# R% q; V: K
National Defense University (Washington, D.C.),三军联合,下设National War College,联合作战高级军官学校;Industrial College of the Armed Forces,偏重军工管理;Joint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia),联合作战中级军官学校2 e" s+ K8 [; E2 y& U1 s: q" `
Marine Corps University (Quantico, VA),陆战队中高级军官学校的统一架构,下设Marine Corps War College,陆战队高级军官学校;School of Advanced Warfighting,陆战队的战术研究生班;Marine Corps Command and Staff College,陆战队中级军官学校;Expeditionary Warfare School,陆战队上尉军官的战术进修学校
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: S3 g& ?3 D( U! k各种专门学校(如步兵学校、装甲兵学校、游骑兵学校、伞兵学校、……)就数不胜数了,也经常在变动中。5 ^* O+ w7 k# A7 n, X w- U) k
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绕晕了吗?我也是。 |
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