|
一开始我一直顺着原文的叙述试图理解概率为何为1/(k+1), 很困惑。谢谢数值分析坛友的提醒,终于想明白了。下面试着用同一思路但不同的语言叙述一下,作为总结。
* P3 y% a! C: M `9 [ k& u
, A- U$ p J; i/ q. A( x) v8 JLet S be the set of the n elements in which there are k and only k elements that have value x. For each element w, let I be the indicator if w is examined or not, that is, I(w) = 1 if w is examined and 0 if w is not examined. X, the number of elements being examined, will be the sum of I(w) for all w in S. Accordingly, E[X] will be the sum of E[I(w)]=P{I(w)=1}.
5 r# g* G4 j$ g3 |
3 h3 c& a7 j# Y6 j' ZFor w that has a value x, the chance of w being examined is the chance that w is at the first position of a permutation of k x-valued elements. Therefore it's 1/k.* X! n- U A$ A" ]8 X
% N: {& @& ]% h$ e' VFor w that has a value not being x, the chance of x being examined is the chance that w is at the first position of a permutation of all k x-valued elements plus w. Therefore it's 1/(k+1).6 ?% A9 v5 f! t- z/ Q1 L& m0 v( l" o
% D! x) d& F$ N P0 [+ Y2 O8 T! p
There are k elements that have value x and n-k elements that are not equal to x, so the sum of all these probabilities will be k*(1/k) + (n-k)*(1/(k+1)) = (n+1)/(k+1).
}8 c) L$ B g9 }/ q# W8 s; }
, D" m S" t5 I7 ]/ f( _6 k/ n理解上述解法的一个关键点是对于所有不等于x的element,它能不能有机会被查验取决于而且只取决于它与k个值为x的elements的相对位置。 |
评分
-
查看全部评分
|