|
一开始我一直顺着原文的叙述试图理解概率为何为1/(k+1), 很困惑。谢谢数值分析坛友的提醒,终于想明白了。下面试着用同一思路但不同的语言叙述一下,作为总结。6 i# Y# t! q* W* E* p; T8 v' S& ]9 ~
. N1 X( e" Q% c9 X/ Z
Let S be the set of the n elements in which there are k and only k elements that have value x. For each element w, let I be the indicator if w is examined or not, that is, I(w) = 1 if w is examined and 0 if w is not examined. X, the number of elements being examined, will be the sum of I(w) for all w in S. Accordingly, E[X] will be the sum of E[I(w)]=P{I(w)=1}.
3 T8 B) D$ m( @" n- k" `; Y4 o* W0 |* f3 ~; `! c
For w that has a value x, the chance of w being examined is the chance that w is at the first position of a permutation of k x-valued elements. Therefore it's 1/k.1 {! f. S" U3 N$ \8 n9 F/ D5 M
" K) r2 P/ B+ D! W7 s) e. R$ \
For w that has a value not being x, the chance of x being examined is the chance that w is at the first position of a permutation of all k x-valued elements plus w. Therefore it's 1/(k+1).$ T" g* _# U% u: n
; |) E d- f. A! N* J
There are k elements that have value x and n-k elements that are not equal to x, so the sum of all these probabilities will be k*(1/k) + (n-k)*(1/(k+1)) = (n+1)/(k+1).( r5 t5 ~! ~' U' X/ G# g
( X& Q+ e8 k1 K4 a( {$ Q- a* {& h理解上述解法的一个关键点是对于所有不等于x的element,它能不能有机会被查验取决于而且只取决于它与k个值为x的elements的相对位置。 |
评分
-
查看全部评分
|