|
|
一开始我一直顺着原文的叙述试图理解概率为何为1/(k+1), 很困惑。谢谢数值分析坛友的提醒,终于想明白了。下面试着用同一思路但不同的语言叙述一下,作为总结。
5 ?7 H1 n O, f& v. D0 x& z e% n" f# n4 V6 T0 j5 p( |; B# J& t
Let S be the set of the n elements in which there are k and only k elements that have value x. For each element w, let I be the indicator if w is examined or not, that is, I(w) = 1 if w is examined and 0 if w is not examined. X, the number of elements being examined, will be the sum of I(w) for all w in S. Accordingly, E[X] will be the sum of E[I(w)]=P{I(w)=1}. 9 D. U, A" }/ o9 W0 r' F
9 P) |$ x S; s: C4 qFor w that has a value x, the chance of w being examined is the chance that w is at the first position of a permutation of k x-valued elements. Therefore it's 1/k.6 R) k' ~' r5 o' H
/ C2 [0 D8 U" p$ x5 b3 DFor w that has a value not being x, the chance of x being examined is the chance that w is at the first position of a permutation of all k x-valued elements plus w. Therefore it's 1/(k+1).( g$ |3 O- {5 Z8 @6 p% h
8 }! b+ h7 t2 {1 t
There are k elements that have value x and n-k elements that are not equal to x, so the sum of all these probabilities will be k*(1/k) + (n-k)*(1/(k+1)) = (n+1)/(k+1).: v9 b0 Q4 B v& C3 n& ~6 P2 J
! E$ @- ^: U* \/ o/ p% o理解上述解法的一个关键点是对于所有不等于x的element,它能不能有机会被查验取决于而且只取决于它与k个值为x的elements的相对位置。 |
评分
-
查看全部评分
|