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苏格兰国家美术馆里的外销瓷及其它收藏

热度 11已有 692 次阅读2021-6-26 01:09 |个人分类:读书笔记

2021-6-25

苏格兰的爱丁堡号称是世界文化之都，当年的辜鸿铭，曾经在这里就茶壶和茶杯的不正当关系，大放厥词。可是坐落在爱丁堡的苏格兰国家博物馆中，只有几把中国茶壶，是清乾隆中后期的外销瓷。除此之外，别的茶壶都惨不忍睹，不值得一看。

Porcelain teapot painted in enamel colours and gold with a repeated figure subject and with birds and sprays in small panels, purple diaper in the interspaces: China, Qing dynasty, early 19th century。Museum reference：A.1891.345。

Chocolate pot and cover of porcelain, with bar-shaped handle at right angle to spout, painted in polychrome with groups of figures and birds in oval panels, with red diaper ornament in the interspaces: China, Qing dynasty, early 19th century. Museum reference: A.1890.687.

Teapot and cover, porcelain painted in enamel colours with characters from the Italian commedia dell'arte: China, 1740s - 1750s, decorated in London, possibly by Jefferyes Hammett O'Neale, 1755 - 1770。Museum reference：A.450.47。

Teapot and cover of porcelain, with intertwined double handle rising from floral reliefs, decorated with a landscape in blue and overlaid vine band in gold: Chinese, Qing dynasty, late 18th century. Museum reference:A.1907.26.

Aesthetic teapot with lid, painted porcelain in double sided form, with on one side a flamboyant young man wearing a sunflower and on the other a woman wearing a lily, both in Aesthetic dress, modelled by James Hadley and manufactured by Royal Worcerster, British, 1882。

Glazed earthenware。DimensionsDimensions: (h x l x b) 19,5 x 10,5 x 15 cm。DatingMade 1770 - 1780。Artist/MakerDesigner: Jacob Örn, Swedish, born 1731, dead 1799-07-22。Rörstrand (1936-2005), Lidköping, Sweden。CategoryApplied art and design, Ceramic。Inventory No.NMK 33/2013。

大明万历年间的一个五彩香炉，有明确的纪年款，用的是矾红，也十分难得：

Incense burner, fanding-shaped (square), of wucai (five-colour) porcelain with overglaze polychrome enamel decoration dominated by red featuring scenes of Shoulao, with inscription: China, Jiangxi Province, Jingdezhen, Ming Dynasty, Wanli reign, 1577 AD

清朝顺治年间的一个青花瓷盘，也带明确的纪年款和窑工签名:

Dish of porcelain, heavily potted, decorated in underglaze blue with the Eight Daoist Immortals, with Shoulao descending on the back of a crane: China, Jiangxi Province, Jingdezhen, Qing Dynasty, 1658. Museum reference: A.1919.339

大清康熙时期生产的八棱德化彩瓷杯子，中西合璧，用的红绿彩，也比较少见：

Octagonal cup of tin-glazed porcelain moulded in low relief and painted in red and green enamel with a row of pseudo-Chinese figures in panels: Chinese, Dehua, decorated in London, early 18th century。Museum reference：A.1971.21。

最后是带有本朝个人崇拜和鲜明时代特征的文革棒槌瓶。瓶口是锤子和镰刀。锤子镰刀的下面，是革命对象，韭菜和西红柿。韭菜西红柿的下面，是向日葵。向日葵的下面，在棒槌瓶的正面，是带军帽和领章的毛头像。毛头像的四周，是神一样的六十九根红线，象征着红太阳的万丈光芒。毛头像的下面，是祝毛万寿无疆的革命口号。棒槌瓶的背面，是毛的诗词《采桑子重阳》：人生易老天难老，岁岁重阳。今又重阳，战地黄花分外香。一年一度秋风劲，不似春光。胜似春光，寥廓江天万里霜！

Large vase of white porcelain with underglaze blue decoration, depicting Chairman Mao with an inscription wishing him long life, and with a poem entitled 'The Double Ninth' by Mao Zedong on the reverse: China, Jiangxi Province, Jingdezhen, by Jiangxi Company of Ceramic Industry, August 1968 AD。Museum reference：V.2009.230。

这个国家美术馆，除了搜集和保存实物之外，更是保存了海量的历史文物照片，对于文物修复和理解文物的历史原貌，例如清东陵、清昭陵、清福陵，明十三陵、明孝陵，曲阜孔庙、和唐乾陵等全国各地大大小小的石雕像，都会有极为突出的贡献。

辽宁沈阳清东陵努尔哈赤墓的华表基座上的雕刻 - Black and white photographic print depicting the base of a winged column supporting the sky (huabiao), at Fuling, the tomb of Nurhaci (Tianming), Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911), Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, 1970s - 1990s, from the Ann Paludan Photographic Archive of Chinese Sculpture。Museum reference：V.2014.10.231.3。

江苏南京明徐达墓石刻官员后襟上的图案花纹 - Two black and white photographic prints depicting the back view of the robe of a civil official, at the tomb of General Xu Da (1332 - 1384), Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644), Bancang, Zhongshan, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, 1970s - 1990s, from the Ann Paludan Photographic Archive of Chinese Sculpture。