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TA的每日心情|  | 开心 2017-5-14 07:16
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 签到天数: 142 天 [LV.7]分神 | 
| 本帖最后由 鹤梦白云上 于 2017-1-15 12:02 编辑 
 
 翻译要忠实,(兄弟登高处的英文翻译就是 where brothers ascend), 才能再现原作的原味。
 ascend作及物动词,后面可接“hill/mountain(山)”,表示登山。
 
 ascend用作不及物动词,则基本上不表示“登山”,一般用作“飞升、登天、上天;(电梯等)上行,(路、台阶)向上;地位或职位上升;声音升高;”
 
 沅湘提到《失乐园》,我还真就查了一下此书的concordance(我不仅知道查字典,还知道查concordance,一笑),如此大费周章,当然主要我觉得自己也是一个学习,无他。
 
 此书中ascend共出现17次, 有11次表示登天,其中9次为不及物动词。有三例与登山有关,但出现在同一个段落,以“ascend this hill”开始,然后紧接着才有两例不及物动词的用法表示登山,这是因为前文交代了“hill(山)”字,然后说ascend,就上下文而言隐含“登山”义,而且这里的登山依然是在宗教的语境下所说的,所登不是一般的山:“那是乐园中一座最高的山,从它的峰顶,可以极清楚滴眺望半球的极境,最广大的风光。”(朱维之译)
 
 这是和我原先的理解是一致的:作及物动词,ascend自然可以接“山”,当然还可以接许多别的事物;作不及物动词,ascend一般不用于登山,除非上下文出现“山”字,提供了一个直接的语境。
 
 沅湘的译法在于ascend的作不及物动词,而上下文又无“mountain/hill(山)”提示,要说ascend就是登山,这样译文就显得很怪(当然翻译常常很难说怎么怎么译就是绝对错了),我想这不是我一个人的感觉。他说题目“九月九日”已然暗示登山,我觉得这个信息间接了一些。
 
 外国人读了这个译文,不知是否会有如此感觉:王维兄弟已然飞升而去(因ascend的飞升之意,老外以为不是登高,而是登仙了呢),于是王维于此日(九月九)思念兄弟,题目to remember接sb.恰好又有纪念逝者之意。故言此译歧义倍出....
 
 附一:牛津英语词典关于ascend的解释
 https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ascend
 
 作为及物动词:
 1 [with object] Go up or climb:
 ‘she ascended the stairs’
 1.1 Climb to the summit of (a mountain or hill):
 ‘the first traveller to ascend the mountain’
 1.2 (of a fish or boat) move upstream along (a river):
 ‘salmon ascend rivers from the sea to spawn’
 
 作为不及物动词:
 2 [no object] Rise or move up through the air: (通过空气(天空)向上升)
 ‘the lift ascended from his sight’
 2.1 (of a road or flight of steps) slope or lead up:
 ‘the road ascends to the loch’
 ‘a gently ascending forest track’
 2.2 Move up to a higher social or professional rank:
 ‘some executives ascend to top-level positions’
 2.3 ascend to/into heaven (of a spiritual being or soul) go to heaven:
 ‘the Prophet ascended to heaven’
 ‘the risen and ascended Christ’
 2.4  (of a voice or sound) rise in pitch:
 ‘Carolyn's voice had ascended into high-pitched giggles’
 
 那个网页中可以点“More example sentences",还有很多例句。
 
 附二:
 
 ascend在《失乐园》(Paradise Lost)中的用法,括号内附朱维之译法及页号(多雷插图本《失乐园》,吉林出版集团有限责任公司)。
 
 
 652 : Heav'n, shall faile to re-ascend Self-rais'd, and repossess their native seat. (朱p21:再登天界)
 
 882 : longing wait The Signal to ascend, sit lingring here Heav'ns fugitives, and for
 (朱p34:朱未译出,实则意谓攻上天去)
 
 901 : That in our proper motion we ascend Up to our native seat: descent and fall To
 (朱p35:升天返归故居)
 
 2816 : Scene, and as the ranks ascend Shade above shade, a woodie Theatre Of
 (朱p97:朱意译,层林叠翠)
 
 3813 : the Air, as wee, somtimes Ascend to Heav'n, by merit thine, and see What life
 (朱p132:升上天去)
 
 3935 : singing up to Heaven Gate ascend, Bear on your wings and in your notes his
 (朱p135:飞登天门)
 
 4248 : by tract of time, and wingd ascend Ethereal, as wee, or may at choice Here or
 (朱p144: 飞升天上)
 
 4263 : things By steps we may ascend to God. But say, What meant that caution
 (朱p145:向上攀登接近于神)
 
 5413 : in thy Fathers might, Ascend my Chariot, guide the rapid Wheeles That shake
 (朱p179:及物动词,乘坐我的战车)
 
 5923 : Into the Clouds, thir tops ascend the Skie: So high as heav'd the tumid Hills,
 (朱p195:及物动词,昂首青天之上)
 
 6886 : to heav'nly Love thou maist ascend, Not sunk in carnal pleasure, for which cause
 (朱p226:上升为天上圣爱…)
 
 9496 : that from us ought should ascend to Heav'n So prevalent as to concerne the mind
 (朱p310:升上天去)
 
 9731 : passage when it comes. Ascend This Hill; let EVE (for I have drencht her
 (朱p316:及物动词,登上这个小山)
 
 9737 : ADAM gratefully repli'd. Ascend, I follow thee, safe Guide, the path Thou
 (朱316:不及物动词,上山吧。)
 
 9742 : If so I may attain. So both ascend In the Visions of God: It was a Hill Of
 (朱316: 于是相将上山,进入神的异象)
 
 10654 : of the most High; he shall ascend The Throne hereditarie, and bound his Reign
 (朱p346:及物动词, 登上世袭的王位)
 
 10739 : Heav'n of Heav'ns he shall ascend With victory, triumphing through the aire
 (朱p348:登诸天上的高天)
 
 
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